英美文学史 重要作家作品_英美文学主要作家作品
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English Literature ——The beginning period of English literature Chaucer, the first important writer in English history Beowulf, the most impreive long poem in Old English, was created around A.D.700;it is believed written by a Danish cleric.14th C England, three major poets: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, and the anonymous “Gawain-poet”
Chaucer is the father of modern English poetry.His first major work: The Book of the Duche
his monumental succe: The Canterbury Tales（砍特博雷故事集）
William Langland, “Piers Plowman”
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, one of the most out standing poems in medieval English literature, was not focusing on real human life and character.——The glory of poetry: From Sidney to Pope Five great poets: Shakespeare, Spenser, Sidney, Donne, Milton
Philip Sidney(菲利普·西德尼), best represented the spirit of the Elizabeth Age.The famous words:” Thy need is greater than mine.”
His major achievement as a poet: Astrophel and Stella
Others: Defense of Poetry(诗辩), An Apology for Poetry Edmund Spencer(斯宾塞): The Faerie Queen(仙后), his great allegory
The Shepheardes Calendar(牧羊人的日记)
Amoretti(爱情小诗)Shakespeare: Sonnets---represent the finest poetic craftsmanship of Elizabethan poetry.He was the most distinguished practitioner of the English sonnet during the Elizabethan Age.John Donne(多恩)---a metaphysical poet(玄学派);Holy Sonnets
Other metaphysical poets of his time: George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, Henry Vaughan John Milton(弥尔顿): Paradise Lost is his masterpiece and one of the greatest poems in world literature.Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes(drama)John Dryden(德莱顿)as a poet---the neoclaicists(新古典主义)Alexander Pope(亚历山大·薄柏): He brought the heroic couplet
His first important poem, An Eay on Criticism
His most famous poem, The Rape of the Lock
——The golden age of English drama The Elizabethan Age is the age of sonnets, and the age of drama.Christopher Marlowe(克里斯托弗·马洛), he is the most outstanding dramatist among the group “University Wits”.He is acknowledged as the greatest tragedy writer before William Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Doctor Eaustus(浮士德医生)
The Jew of Malta(马耳他岛的犹太人)William Shakespeare’s dramatic career can be divided into four periods Ben Jonson: Volpone or the Fox, The Alchemist John Webster: The White Devil and The Duche of Malfi
——The beauty of Prose: From Malory to Pepys King Alfred’s Anglo Saxon Chronicle(编年史)is considered the beginning of English prose.Thomas Malory: Le Morte D’Arthur---a landmark achievement in this field
17th.C, great prose writers: Francis Bacon, Thomas Browne, Samuel Pepys
Milton’s Areopagitica(为英国人民申辩);
The Bible of King James Version---the noblest monument of English prose Francis Bacon: Eays---he became the first English “eayist”
——The rise of the novel
Pamela(帕米拉), the first mature English novel----English novels before 18th C John Bunyan(班扬): masterpiece, The Pilgrim’s Progre(天路历程)----The rise of the novel in 18th C Daniel Defoe: The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels(格列佛游记)----The maturity of the novel Samuel Richardson: the founder of the English domestic novel
Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded---the first English novel Henry Fielding: Tom Thumb---the most popular play Joseph Andrews(约瑟夫·安德鲁斯)The life of Mr.Jonathan Wild the Great The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling---ranks high Amelia---his last novel Tobias Smollett: The Adventures of Roderick Random(蓝登传)
The Expedition of Humphry Clinker(汉弗莱·克林克历险记)Laurence Sterne: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy(项狄传)，A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy(感伤的旅行)
——A false world: English drama from Dryden to Sheridan John Dryden---the leading literary figure in the Restoration period----Drama in 18th C John Gay(约翰·盖伊): The Beggar’s Opera(乞丐歌剧)Oliver Goldsmith(哥尔斯密): The Deserted Village(荒芜的村庄)
The Vicar of Wakefield(威克菲尔德的牧师)
She Stoops to Conquer(委曲求全)Richard Brinsley Sheridan---the greatest dramatist of the century
The Rivals(对手)
The School for Scandal(造谣学校)---the best of his plays
——Emotion and Nature in Romantic Poetry William Blake and Robert Burns were the two notable forerunners of romantic poetry.William Blake: Songs of Innocence(天真之歌)
Songs of Experience(经验之歌)
Marriage of Heaven and Hell
Robert Burns: Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect(苏格兰方言诗集)
A Red, Red Rose
Auld Lang Syne(友谊地久天长)William Wordsworth: The Prelude(序曲)
The Solitary Reaper
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner(老船夫)George Gordon, Lord Byron(拜伦): Don Juan(唐璜)Percy Byhe Shelley(雪莱): Prometheus Unbound---his masterpiece
Ode to the West Wind(西风颂)John Keats(济慈): Hyperion and The Fall of Hyperion
Ode to Autumn;Ode on a Grecian Urn;Ode to a Nightingale
——Female novelists in 19 C England
thJane Austen: Pride and Prejudice(傲慢与偏见)
Sense and Sensibility(理智与情感)
Persuasion(劝说)
Mansfield Park(曼斯菲尔德公园)
Emma(爱玛)
Northanger Abbey(诺桑觉寺)Mary Shelley: Frankenstein Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre(简爱)Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights(呼啸山庄)Anne Bronte: Agnes Grey George Eliot: Silas Marner(织工马南);Adam Bede(玛丽·巴顿)
Middlemarch(米德尔马契)
——Social images in 19 C English novels
thCharles John Huffam Dickens(狄更斯): Pickwick Papers(匹克威克外传)
Oliver Twist(雾都孤儿);David Copperfield(大卫·科波菲尔)
The Old Curiosity Shop(老古玩店);Dombey and Son(董贝父子)
Bleak House(荒凉山庄);Hard Times(艰难时事)
Little Dorritt(小杜丽);A Tale of Two Cites(双城记)
Great Expectations(远大前程)William Makepeace Thackeray(萨克雷): Vanity Fair(名利场)Thomas Hardy(托马斯·哈代): Te of the D’Urbervilles(德伯家的苔丝)
Jude the Obscure(无名的裘德)
Far from the Madding Crowd(远离尘嚣)
The Return of the Native(还乡)
——English prose in 18 C and 19 C----18th.C prose
th
thSamuel Johnson---his death marked the end of the Age of Reason
Life of Johnson
The Oxford English Dictionary
Thomas Carlyle(卡莱尔): The French Revolution
Past and Present
——Various Moods in 19.C English poetry
thAlfred, Lord Tennyson---the most prolific poet of the age
In Memoriam;Idylls of the King Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book---masterpiece
Dramatis Personae
Dramatic Monologue(戏剧独白)
——Major novelists in the late 19 and 20 C
th
thJoseph Conrad(康拉德)---p329 John Galsworthy(高尔斯华)---p335
Nobel Prize
H.G.(Herbert George)Wells(威尔斯): The Time Machine(时间机器)
The Invisible Man(隐身人)
The War of the Worlds
A Modern Utopia
——The stream of consciousne novels Virginia Woolf(沃尔夫): Mrs.Dalloway(达洛卫夫人)
To the Lighthouse
Orlando , A Biography(奥兰多传)
The Waves(浪)James Joyce(乔伊斯): Ulyes(尤利西斯)
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man(一个青年艺术家的肖像)
Finnegans Wake
——The new poetry in 20 C
thWilliam Butler Yeats(威廉·巴特勒·叶芝)---p372
Nobel Prize T.S.Eliot---the most influential poet of the 20th C
The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock---one of his most famous poems
The Waste Land(荒原)---his monumental succe
Murder in the Cathedral(大教堂凶杀案)
The Cocktail Party---drama
He won the Nobel Prize in 1948
——20 C novels before 1950 thDavid Herbert Lawrence(劳伦斯): Sons and Lovers(儿子与情人)
The Rainbow
Women in Love
William Somerset Maugham: Of Human Bondage
The Moon and Sixpence
Cakes and Ale
The Razor’s Edge
Katherine Mansfield: The Garden Party and Other Stories George Orwell(乔治·奥威尔): Animal Farm(动物庄园)
Nineteen Eight-four(一九八四)
——Despair and Absurdity in contemporary English drama John Osborne(约翰·奥斯朋): Look Back in Anger(愤怒中回顾)Samuel Beckett(赛缪尔·贝克特)---a forerunner of the theater of the absurd
Waiting for Godot(等待戈多)
Nobel Prize in 1969
——Diversified topics in contemporary English novels William Golding(戈尔丁): Lord of the Flies(蝇王)
The Inheritors(继承人)
He won the Nobel Prize in 1983 Kingsley Amis(艾米斯·金斯利): Lucky Jim(幸运的吉姆)
Under the Net(网之下)Doris Leing: The Golden Notebook(金色笔记)
She won the Nobel Prize in 2007
American Literature ——American Romanticism
American literature achieved maturity in the 19th C.----Early Romanticism Washington Irving(华盛顿·欧文): Rip Van Winkle---p73 James Fenimore Cooper(詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏): the series if five novels
The Deerslayer(杀鹿人);The Last of the Mohicans(最后的莫希干人);The Pathfinder(探路者);The Pioneers(拓荒者);The Prairie(草原)----Transcendentalism and Symbolic Representation Ralph Waldo Emerson(拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生)---the most representative Transcendentalist---p88
Nature;The American Scholar Henry David Thoreau(亨利·戴维·梭罗): Walden
The eay “Civil Disobedience”----Interrogation Innocence Nathaniel Hawthorne(纳撒尼尔·霍桑): The Scarlet Letter---the first great American novel Herman Melville(赫尔曼·梅尔维尔): Moby-Dick(白鲸)Edgar Allan Poe(爱伦·坡)---p114----Whitman and Dickinson Walt Whitman(沃尔特·惠特曼): Leaves of Gra(草叶集)Emily Dickinson---p127----A House Divided: Writing against slavery Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle Tom’s Cabin(汤姆叔叔的小屋)Frederick Dougla: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Dougla, an American Slave
——American Realism----Regional and Local color writings Mark Twain(马克·吐温)---the greatest humorist in the 19th C
The Gilded Age(镀金时代)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Henry James---p155----Literary Naturalism Stephen Crane: Maggie;The Red Badge of Courage
----women writing in the women question Kate Chopin: The Awakening(觉醒)---p176
——American Modernism----The evolution of modernism Willa Cather(薇拉·凯瑟)---p203----American modernism in Europe Ezra Pound(埃兹拉·庞德): Cantos(诗章);Personae(人物)----Modern fiction between the wars William Faulkner(威廉·弗克那): The Sound and the Fury(喧嚣与骚动)
Light in August(八月之光)
Go down, Moses
He won the Nobel Prize in 1949---p225 Ernest Hemingway(海明威): The Old Man and Sea(老人与海)
The Sun Also Rises(太阳照样升起)
He won the Nobel Prize in 1954---p234 F.Scott Fitzgerald(弗·斯哥特·菲茨杰拉德): The Great Gatsby(了不起的盖茨比);Tender is the Night(夜色温柔)----Modern American Poetry T.S.Eliot(艾略特)---p247 William Carols Williams(威廉姆斯): The Red Wheelbarrow(手推车)
Paterson
E.E.Cummings(肯明斯): Him;Santa Claus;A Morality
----African American literature and modernism Jean Toomer(图默): Cane(公民凯恩)Langston Hughes(兰斯顿·休斯): The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Zora Neale Hurston(佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿): Their Eyes Were Watching God(他们在观望上帝)Richard Wright(理查德·赖特): Native Son(土生子)
Invisible Man(隐形人)
The Man Who Lived Underground
——American literature diversified: From 1945to the 21 C----literature diversified under new conditions Existentialism---p272 Postmodernism---p273----American theatre: Three major playwrights
stEugene O’Neill(尤金·奥尼尔)---American’s first dramatist of world stature
He won four Pulitzer prizes, and won the Nobel Prize in1936.Tenneee Williams(田纳西·威廉姆斯): A Streetcar Named Desire(欲望号街车);Gla Menagerie(玻璃动物园)Arthur Miller(阿瑟·米勒): Death of a Salesman(推销员之死)
The Crucible----Major fiction writers: 1945 till 1960s Saul Bellow---a leading novelist in post-World WarⅡAmerica
He won the Nobel Prize in 1976.----Poetic tendencies since 1945 Allen Ginsberg---p322----Contemporary multiethnic literature
African American, Asian American, Native American, Latino literature Toni Morrison---contemporary African American novelist
Winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature Maxine Hong Kingston---Asian American novelist---p343 Amy Tan---Asian American novelist
The Joy Luck Club---p345
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