英语翻译整理_我英语翻译
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第一篇
• There are institutionalized buttrees like the honour system, by which college students
police themselves--------no plagiarism, no cheating on examinations.I find it ludicrous that even divinity schools and law schools and departments of philosophy-------not to mention other parts of the university-------have to pay proctors to pad up and down the aisles at examination time to make sure nobody is looking at crib notes or copying from a neighbor.A century and a half after Jefferson introduced the honor system at the University of Virginia, it is unfortunate that every college and university has not yet adopted it.• 有些道德行为已经形成制度化，如诚信制度。大学里的学生依照诚信制度来约束自
己，保证不剽窃或考试作弊。我觉得好笑的是，甚至在神学院，法学院和哲学系里，更不用说大学的其它科系了，在考试的时候学院要雇来监考者在走廊里踱来踱去以防止有人考试时候偷看笔记或抄袭邻座。杰弗逊在弗吉尼亚大学率先推行诚信制度一个半世纪之后，令人遗憾的是，并非所有的美国大学都采纳了这一制度。第二篇
人类自有文化就有文化交流。人类文化从整体上来说，是各国、各民族文化汇集、交流的产物。交流促进发展。一个国家、一个民族、只要不是由于主观和客观的种种原因，长期处于孤立、闭塞的状态之中，或多或少都可以从交流中得到好处。• Man began to make cultural exchanges the day when there existed culture.Generally, man’s culture is the product of cultural exchanges among all nations and nationalities.Exchanges promote development.A nation or a nationality, so long as it has not been in a state of isolation and ignorance owing to some subjective or objective reasons, will benefit more or le from cultural exchanges.第三篇
• Fortune has often been blamed for her blindne;but fortune is not so blind as men are.Those who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as the winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators.In the pursuit of even the highest branches of human inquiry, commoner qualities are found the most useful——such as common sense, attention, application, and perseverance.第四篇
•When dominate innovators in a science respond to the challenge of a situation that
demands some change in its practice, this may take a number of forms, and rival schools may grow up around different leaders responding differently to a particular situation.These rivalries may be reinforced and perpetuated by the use of standard textbooks.Any empirical science must be able to cope with its own phenomena, and once any observation is accepted as relevant, its theory and modes of description and analysis must be able to handle it with scientific adequacy, of which exhaustivene, consistency, economy are basic principles.The extension of a science to new but relevant fields may require the further elaboration and presentation of existing theory along previously-followed lines.• 形式要求某一学科改变研究方法，该学科主要革新者迎接形势的挑战时，可能采取
若干形式，而且由于不同学术带头人对某一形势有不同的反应，会出现彼此对立的学派。标准教科书的使用加剧了对立的局面并使其长期存在。任何基于经验的科学必须能处理属于自己领域内的现象。一旦某个观察被认为是相关的，该学科的理论
和描述分析方式必须能科学地对这一观察加以处理，内容详尽、观点一致和省钱省力是基本的原则。把某一学科延伸到新的相关领域可能要沿用先前的路线对现有的理论做进一步的阐述和表达。
第五篇
• 中国学生在英语上花的时间比其他学科多的多，原因是英语需要泛读、机械记忆和
经常复习。老师让学生做大量涉及多项选择的练习，结果忽视了培养主动使用英语的能力。这种应试教育方式有利有弊。
• Students in China spend more time on English than on other courses(subjects), for it
requires extensive reading, mechanical memorization and regular revision.Teachers have students do a lot of exercises involving multiple choices, only to neglect the cultivation of the ability to use English actively.There are both advantages and disadvantages to this test-oriented teaching approach.第六篇
• 文化的差异,正是人类社会相互加强了解、交流和借鉴的动力，而不是所谓“文化冲
突”的理由。世界的文化包括宗教文化，正是通过相互渗透而逐渐发展的，也是通过互相交流、互相学习而不断进步的。
Cultural difference should be a motivation for people to enhance mutual understanding and exchange and to learn from each other, rather than a reason for the so called “culture clash”.World culture, including religious culture, takes form through the infiltration of different cultures and makes progre in the same way through exchanges and learning from each other.第七篇
侵犯知识产权是当今世界面临的一个严重问题。仅以计算机软件行业为例，每年世界各地的疯狂倒版行为使这一行业蒙受了巨大的经济损失，进而迫使软件开发商和厂家提高软件的售价，将部分损失转嫁给了诚实使用软件的顾客。保护知识产权成了世界各国日益关切的问题。
The violation of intellectual property rights has become a serious problem facing the world today.Every year, for example, the computer software industry throughout the world suffers a heavy financial lo from worldwide reckle piracy, a lo that consequently compels the programmers and the manufacturers of the published software to raise the retail prices, thus shifting part of the lo to honest users.The protection of intellectual property rights has become a growing concern among all the nations of the international community.第八篇
坐在桌前上网冲浪时，经历和教育背景再也不是获取成年人权威的必要保证了。在网
络空间，成年人不再是唯一的信息提供者。少年人在网上熟悉彼此，建立脱离 成人控制的群体。这样一个过程已经加宽了成年人和少年人之间的鸿沟。与此同时，网络空间为每个人提供了一个平等公平的地方进行交流。外表、社会地位和真实的财富不再重要。
When a teenager sits in front of a computer surfing the Internet, his experience and educational background are no longer neceary guarantees toward acquiring adult power.In cyberspace, adults are no longer the only providers of information.Teenagers get acquainted online.They form groups out of the control of adults.This proce has widened the gap between adults and teenagers.Meantime, cyberspace provides an equal,fair place for everyone to communicate.Appearance, social status and real wealth are not important.第九篇
有四种压力影响着今天的大学生：经济上的压力、父母的压力、同伴的压力，和自身的压力。环顾四周寻找罪魁祸首并不难——指责大学收费太高，教授作业布置太多，父母望子成龙过于心切，学生把自己逼得太紧。但事实上没有罪魁祸首，只有受害者。
• There are four kinds of preure working oncollege students today: economic preure,parental preure, peer preure, and self-induced preure.It’s easy to look around for bad guys—— to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the profeors for aigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, the students for driving themselves too hard.But in fact there are no bad guys, only victims.第十篇
•人们希望所有的学生从未来的严酷无情中解脱出来。希望他们有机会把他们
每一阶段的教育纯粹作为一种经历来享受，而不是作为为了下一步作准备的令人厌倦的需要。希望他们有权利实验，跌跤，并懂得失败如同胜利一样具有教育意义，失败并不是世界末日。但这些希望真是太天真了。在人们不赞许的为数不多的权利之中，有一个便是失败的权利。
What all students are wished for is some release from the grim grip of the future.They are wished a chance to enjoy each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not a tiresome requirement in preparation for the next step.They are wished to have the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as educational as victory and is not the end of the world.The wishes are naive.One of the few rights that people do not proclaim is the right to fail.第十一篇
财富看来如同健康一样：没有钱可能酿成痛苦，但有了它并不等于拥有了快乐。与
其说幸福在于得到我们想要的，还不如说幸福在于珍惜我们已有的。
Wealth, it therefore seems, is like health: Although its utter absence can breed misery, having it does not guarantee happine.Happine is le a matter of getting what we want than of cheishing what we have.第十二篇
•在着手第一项严肃的科研工作的时候,年轻的科学家因而必须立刻做两件
事。第一件应该是仔细阅读技术和判断力他都信得过的研究人员所写的和课题有关的原始论文和书籍。在以非常留心和接受的方式阅读这些出版物时，年轻的科学家不得犯这样的错误，既，相信它们的程度超过了其作者希望他们相信的程度。没有哪位科学家希望其学生仅仅成为留声机唱片，忠实地重复他说过的话语、决不怀疑任何东西、决不想对他教给他们的东西做任何加减。
Immediately upon starting on the first serious piece of research, a young scientist must therefore do two things.The first of these should be a careful reading of original papers or books relating to the problem, written by investigators whose technique and judgment he can trust.While reading these publications in a most attentive and receptive manner, the young scientist must not fall into the error of placing in them a greater confidence than their author would wish him to do.No great scientist ever wants his pupils to be mere gramophone records, faithfully reproducing his remarks, never questioning anything,never wanting to add or subtract from what he has given them
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