独立主格_独立主格讲解

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独立主格结构浅析

一、独立主格的概念

非谓语动词做状语时,它的逻辑主语应和主句主语保持一致。(Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.)Though he had been told many times 但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)。

二、独立主格结构的形式

独立主格结构是一种具有逻辑主谓关系的从属结构。独立主格结构常位于句首或句末,常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。其构成主要有以下几种形式:

1.名词(代词)+分词(现在分词、过去分词)She being absent, the meeting had to be put off.因她缺席,会议不得不推迟。

Spring coming on, the trees turned green.春天来了,树变绿了。

The children went home from the grammar school, their leons finished for the day.那天的课程一结束,孩子们纷纷从那所文法学校回到家里。

Everything taken into consideration, the plan he put forward seems to be more workable.从各方面考虑一下,他提的计划似乎更可行一些。2.名词(代词)+不定式

Here are the first two books, the third one to come out next week.这是头两卷书,第三卷下星期出版。

The plan was that the two sides should reach an agreement, the details to be worked out later.计划是双方应该达成一致,细节晚些时候出台。3.名词(代词)+(being)形容词或副词

The old man sat down, his face pale with pain.老人坐下了,他的脸由于疼痛而苍白。The meeting over, all of them went back to work.会议结束了,所有的人又回去工作了。4.名词(代词)+名词

His first shot a failure, the policeman fired again.第一枪未打中,警察又开了一枪。

My imagination a succe, the teacher Praised me.我的想象是一个成功,老师表扬了我。5.名词(代词)+介词短语

The teacher entered the claroom, book under arm.老师夹着书进了教室。

He urged the horse on, whip in one hand and rein in another.他们一手拿缰绳一手拿鞭子催马前进。

6.with / without +名词(代词)+宾语补足语(另议)注意:

there 有时也可用作独立结构的逻辑主语 There being nothing to do, we went home.三、独立主格结构的句法作用及意义

1.独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

2.名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式介词短语是逻辑上的主谓关系。

3.独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

4.一般来说,表示时间、原因、条件时常置于句首,表示方式或伴随状况时常置于句末。

a.表示时间

The work finished, they left the room and went home.(After the work was finished„)工作完之后,他们离开房间回家了。b.表示原因

It being a rainy day, kate wore her new raincoat.(Because it was a rainy day„)由于下雨凯特穿着新雨衣。c.表示条件

Weather permitting, we’ll visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(If weather permits„)

天气允许的话,我们明天将参观长城。d.表示方式或伴随状况

The family started on their way, children running and jumping in front of them.一家人上路了,孩子们在他们前面跑着,跳着。

四、有关独立结构的几点注意事项

1.with的复合结构(也称with的独立主格结构)它是指with+名词(代词)+宾补的一种介词短语形式,能在这种结构中充当宾补的有不定式、分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。它与独立主格结构有着类似的形式及句法、语义功能,一般做状语修饰整个句子。

With so many children to support, they both have to work hard.有那么多孩子要抚养,他们两个不得不努力工作。

John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。——Come on, please give me some ideas about the protect.快点,请给我一些有关这个项目的建议。

——Sorry.With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down.很抱歉,脑子里装这么多的工作,我几乎要垮掉了。

The teaching building looks even more beautiful with all lights on.教学大楼的灯全亮时,它看起来更美丽了。He always sleeps with the windows closed.他总是关着窗户睡觉。

He looked at his son one hundred paces away with an apple on his head.他望着站在一百步远,头上顶着苹果的儿子。

with的复合结构在句中除了做状语外,有时还可作定语。

I saw a stream with green gra and red flowers on both sides.我看到一条小溪两岸长着红花绿草。2.与独立主格结构的细微差别

a.在“名词+介词短语”的独立主格结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词,在这些名词前习惯上不用惯词。

He was standing there, book in hand.他站在那里,手里拿着一本书。

如改为with的复合结构,名词前需要加冠词或物主代词。He was standing there with a book in his hand.b.独立主格结构中的逻辑主语用名词的普通格或人称代词的主格,在with的复合结构中,逻辑主语用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。

With him being sick, we’ll have to do his work.c.being和having been的省略。

Cla(being)over, we began to have a break.His work(having been)finished, he went home.但在代词作逻辑主语时,being和having been不能省略。They being our friends, we should help them.

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