名词性从句讲解_名词性从句详细讲解
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名词性从句与高考试题
名词性从句的界定与分类：
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句中的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。从属连词that, if, whether;
连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;连接副词where, when, why, how。
其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分.名词性从句均不能用逗号和主句分开。
一、主语从句：
定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的主语，这个从句就叫主语从句。
二、主语从句的表现形式： １.由从属连词引导的主语从句：
a.Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discu.b.That light travels in straight line is known to all.２.由连接代词引导的主语从句： a.What we need is more time.b.Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.c.Whoever comes will be welcome.３.由连接副词引导的主语从句：
a.When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced ． b.Where he has been is still a puzzle.c.How much water is flowing can be measured easily.三、关于形式主语 it
主语从句放在句首往往显得头重脚轻，不太平衡，因此，在大多数情况下都是在主语的位置上用一个形式主语 it，而把主语从句移到句未去。
关于形式主语 it: 以 it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：（1）It + be + 形容词 + that/wh-从句
It is quite clear that Tom was fond of music.（2）It + be + 名词 + that/wh-从句
It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question等。（3）It + be + 过去分词 + that/wh-从句
It’s not yet decided that when the test will be given.（4）It seems, happens 等不及物动词 + that/wh-从句 It happened that I didn’t take any money with me.但以下情况往往必须用it作形式主语，主语从句一般不能放在句首。a.It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not.b.It’s said that the highway will be open to traffic next year.c.Is it likely that it will snow in the afternoon? 练习：
1． ____ you don't like him is none of my busine．（92上海）A．What B．Who C．That D．Whether A．What B．That C．This D．Which
2． ____ she couldn't understand was _____fewer and fewer students showed interests in her leons．（2000上海）
A．What；why B．That；what C．What；because D．Why；that
3． ____has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising．（99上海）A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever
4． ____ we can't get seems better than ____ we have．（NMET96）A．What；what B．What；that C．That；that D．That；what
5． ____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather．（NMET96）A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where
6． ____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present．（MET93）A．What B．That C．The fact D．The matter二, 表语从句：
定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的表语，这个从句就叫作表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。
1.The problem is that millions of people die of illnees caused by smoking.2.The question remains whether we can win the people.3.That’s just what I want.4.This is where our problem lies.5.The difficulty is how I can help smokers kick their habit.值提注意的是：
1.表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as, as if ,as though引导.Things were not as they seemed.It looks as if it is going to rain.2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：
The reason why…is that …(而不用 because。)It(this, that)is because…
The reason why he was dismied is that he didn’t work hard.It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in busine.练习：
1.What the doctors really doubt is____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．
A．when B．how C．whether D．why
2.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week． —Is that ____ you had a few days off？（NMET99）A．why B．when C．what D．where
3.Go and get your coat．It's____ you left it．（MET92）A．there B．where C．there where D．where there
4.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella．____I got wet all through．（98上海）A．It's the reason B．That's why C．There's why D．It's how 三，同位语从句：
定义：在复合句中，用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般由 that, whether 等连词引导，常放在 advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, meage, news, order, poibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。
l.The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.2.I have no idea when he will be back.3.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.4.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）
练习：
1.Information has been put forward____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities．（2001上海）
A．while B．that C．when D．as
2.______ is no poibility _______.Bob can win the first prize I the match.(上海2001春)A、There;that B、It;what C、There;whether D、It;whether 四，宾语从句
定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，这个从句就叫作宾语从句。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾词，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。1．及物动词后的宾语从句：
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.I wonder why she refused my invitation.2．介词后的宾语从句：
I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.The teacher is satisfied with what she has said.3．某些形容词后的宾语从句：
I am sure that you will make greater progre in English through hard work.We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us.关于形式宾语it
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.I find it neceary that we should ask him for his advice.练习：
1.When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule：Always give the monky exactly____ he wants．（2002年春季上海）A．what B．which C．when D．that
2.—I think it's going to be a big problem ． —Yes，it could be．
—I wonder ____ we can do about it．（2002春季北京、安徽、内蒙古）A．if B．how C．what D.that
3.A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）A．how B．after C．what D．when
4.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster____ he had done the day before． A．that B．how C．where D．what
5.These wild flowers are so special that I would do ____ I can to save them（2000春季北京、安徽）A．whatever B．that C．which D．whichever
6.Eat ____ cake you like and leave the others for ____ comes in late．（2000春季上海）A．any；who B．every；whoever C．whichever；whoever D．either；whoever
7.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants．（NMET97）A．however B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever
8.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____shares her interests．（95上海）A．anyone B．whom ever C．whoever D．no matter who
学习名词性从句时要注意以下几点：
1.在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如：
Someone is ringing the doorbell．Go and see ____．（2000上海）A．who is he B．who he is C．who is it D．who it is Can you make sure ____the gold ring ？（MET90）
A．where Alice had put B．where had Alice put C．where Alice has put D．where has Alice put
You can't imagine ____ when they received these nice Christmas presents．（94上海）A．how they were excited B．how excited they were C．how excited were they D．they were how excited
2.动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。
Do you doubt that he will win ? I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong.He doubt whether I know it.3.否定转移问题。在主句为第一人称主语后跟 think , believe , suppose , expect , gue , imagine 等动词时，宾语从句的否定形式应转移到主句中。We don't expect he will come tonight , will he ? 4.主谓一致问题。
What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world． What I bought were three English books． 5.语气问题a.在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”的结构
I suggest we(should)set off at once.b.在It is ＋过去分词＋that的主语从句中 decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested，required等。It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening． c.在表语从句或同位语从句中。
The suggestion that the mayor(should)present the prizes was accepted by everyone．
d.在It is（was）＋形容词＋that从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should ＋）动词原形，表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有 eential，important，natural，neceary，poible，strange，等。It is neceary that a college student ________ at least a foreign language．（上海1993）
A．masters B．should master C．mastered D．will master 6．What引导名词从句的特殊含义:
What was once regarded as impoible has now become a reality．
(what为“所……的事”，相当于“the thing that．．．；all that．．．；everything that．．．”)After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed．
A．what B．when C．that D．which
He is not what he was a few years ago． Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？ What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world． Our income is now double what it was ten years ago
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