英语论文:艾米莉狄金森诗歌中的女性主义解读_艾米莉狄金森诗歌赏析

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济南大学毕业论文

A Feminism Analysis of Emily Dickinson’s Poetry

1.0 Introduction In the wake of the western feminist movement and feminist ideology, feminist consciousne has gradually pervade in many fields of resarch.Feminist consciousne urges woman to expre themselves, get their deserved rights and pursue de eaqulity with man.With different feminism theory, feminists can be claified into many schools, such as ecofeminism, spiritual feminism, radical feminism and so on.As the great development of feminism, Feminist Criticism was come into being.And in recent years, feminism theory citicism is popularly used to analyse many writers’ works and this kind of research has got great achievements.American feminist arose in 1830s.Dickinson won her historical position as the American feminist presursor through her unconvational way of life, and her feminity poetry.As one of the most important woman poets in the nineteenth century, Emily Dickinson made a great impact on America literature.She was outstangding among the contemporary poets for her special language feature, profound ideology and creative images.Athough she remained unknow to people in all her life time, she proved her value and her great genius in writing poems in the latter days.Now the research about Emily Dickinson is from all kind of perspective.Some schoolars research images in her poems;some schoolars research language features in her poems;and some schoolars research the theme of her poems.The focus of this thesis is to anlysis Dickinson’s poetry in a feminism aspect.Through a good look of her unique life style and a good appriciation of poems that have different themes, a conclusion that Emily Dickinson is a woman poet who has feminism consciousne and feminist tendencies come out.She was a rebelious and anti-tranditional figure.2.0 Emily Dickinson and her life 2.1 Emily Dickinson’s Unique Life Background and Awakening of Feminism

济南大学毕业论文

out and further collections were needed.Then the poems were transcribed and published by the poet’s niece in the early decades.Gradually, critics began to recognize Dickinson’s great genius in creating poetry.She had a unique perspective on life, death, love, nature, and friendship.Her different poetic forms, ideological concerns and artistic innovations are unpredent.Nowadays, she was considered to be one of the best poets in America and she is acknowledged as one of the founder of modern American poetry.She has hailed as an equal to such great distinguished men as Bryant, Emerson, Witman and so on.She had a great influence to American literature.3.0 Ecofeminism embodiment in Emily Dickinson’s poem of nature

3.1 Review of Ecofeminism With the development of feminism movement, all kinds of feminiam theories come into being.Ecofminism, or ecological feminism, is one of which.It is a union of feminism and ecological thinking and the term was firsr came up with by French feminist Françoise d'Eaubonne.It held the following primary beliefs:

1.Female is more close to nature than male, but male is pitted to against nature.Male treated the nature as a hunting ground, their purpose is to change nature and conquer nature to get what they need.Nature is something a enemy to them.Instead female keep a harmonious relationship with nature, they have the same feature with nature, they are inclusive and reproductive.In the long human history, especially in the primitive age, men’s work is hunting and cultivation.While women’s work is to pick fruits and reproduce offsprings, they have the same eence with “mother nature”.2.The earth is a balanced network.All the life on earth is equal, they cannot be claified into different claes.But the reality is there is s cla system.In this system, God is the most pure spirit, while the other kinds are in the second cla.In the second cla, human beings are superior than animals.As to human beings, men’s position is higher than woman.Ecofeminists are against this cla system and they are trying their best to change the fate of the opposed kind.济南大学毕业论文

towards nature reflect from her poem fully proved that she is a good ecofeminist.In another nature poem, Dickinson compare leaves to woman, and bravely list the qulities of woman.The leaves, like woman, interchange Sagacious confidence Somewhat of nods, and somewhat of Portentous inference

The parties in both cases Enjoining secrecy----Inviolable compact To notoriety

Dickinson wrote directly in this poem that woman are sagacious, confident, inviolable.They have a lot of good qualities.The qualities of the leaves is the qualities of woman.They have the same eence.Just like the ecofeminists advocate, nature and woman are close, they poe the same character.Superficially, the auhtor is writing leaveas, but its deep meaning is to eulogize woman.In Emily Dickinson’s mind, woman is purifying and confident.They are as good as man, or even they poe some good qualities that man have not.In the anlysis of aonther poem, Dickinson as a ecofeminist is unboubted.”Nature is Harmony” and “Nature is Heaven” are the most striking lines, they are exactly the belief that the ceofeminists hold.“Nature” is What we see----

The hill---the Afternoon----

Squirrel----Eclipse---the Bumble bee----Nay-----Nature is Heaven

Nature is what we hear----Tha Bobolink----the Sea---Thunder----the Cricket----

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join the church, and Dickinson wanted no part of that.Besides this, we can futher see her revolt and suspect to God by analysing some of her religios poems.4.2 Analysis of Dickinson’s Religious Poem In Christians’ beliefs, God created the world and everything on it.God is the supreme dominator of the world.If you pray to God, God can hear your pray, and salvate you from the defficulities.But in the following poem, Dickinson shows her doubt about it.Of Course----I prayed----And did God Care? He cares as much as on the air A Bird----had stamped her foot----And cried “Give Me”----My Reason-----Life I had not had----but for Yourself----’Twere better charity To leave me in the Atom’s Tomb----Merry, and Nought, and gay, and numb----Than this smart Misery.The first two lines explain that the poet prays To God, but God makes no response to her.Then he starts to doubt God for her pray caannot be testified.The following lines expre that God care about the bird more than the woman’s pray.This contrast show us God’s coldne and cruelty.The author is becoming anger to God for his indifference.She began to doubt the exit of God.In the other poem, Dickinson show us the information that she does not believe that people will be saved by going to church or by confeing.She doubted the power of God and she even did not believe the exist of God.So it is meaningle to go to church.Some Keep the Sabbath going to Church----I keep it, staying at home----With a Bobolink for a Chorister---And an Orchard, for a Dome----

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The one the other will absorb---As Sponges----Buckets---do---

The Brain is just the weight of God----For---Heft them---Pound for Pound----And they will differ----if they do---As syllable from Sound In this poem, the author indicate that the barin is “wider than the sky”, ”depper than the sea”, and “just the weight of God”.The brain standard for her rational thingking power.It is the exis of brain--man’s thinking power that created God.The brain is what we thought was God.God is not exit in the real world, it is just the power of our thingking that make the existing of God.In the meantime, the author celebrates the importance and vastne of the brain's abilities.Through this three poems, we can conclude that Emily Dickinson was not a corformist of Christian.She defy God’s holine and authority, she refuse to obey it.Her deny of God standard for her deny of the patriarchal society.5.0 Feminism Consciousne in Dickinson’s Love Poems

Feminist think both male and femal have the equal right to expre love.Emily Dickinson is such a person who is brave to expre her love.”Wild Nights” is this kind of poem.Thomas Wentworth Higginson once once wrote in his letter when he was edit Dickinson’s poem “One poem only I dread a little to print----that wonder Wild Nights---lest the malignant read into it more than that virgin recluse ever dreamed of putting there…..” From this letter we can feel Emily Dickinson’s breavity and boldne to expre her love paion.This is a big challege to the role the society has given to woman at that time.Obviously, it reveal her consciousne of feminism.Wild Nights---Wild Night!

Were I with thee, Wild nights should be

济南大学毕业论文

Bibliography

[1] Farr, Judith.The Paion of Emily Dickinson [M].Maachusetts: Harvard University Pre, 1992.[2] Gaard Greta.Ecofeminism: Woman, Animals, Nature Nunan [Ed].Philadelphia: Temple University Pre, 1993.[3] Higginson, Thomas Wentworth.Letters and Journals of Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 1846-1906 [M].Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1921.[4] Homas, Margret.Woman Writers and Poetic Identity [M].Princeton: Princeton University Pre, 1980.[5] Johnson, Thomas H.The Complete Poems of Emliy Dickinson [Eds].Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1997.[6] Juhaszm, Susan.Feminist Critics Read Emily Dickinson [M].Bloomington: Indiana University Pre, 1984.[7] Kirk, Connie.Emily Dickinson---A Biography [M].America: Green wood Pre,2004.[8] Mitchell, Juliet, Jacqueline, Rose.Feminine Sexuality [M].London: Macmillan, 1982 [9] Miranda Fricker, Jennifer Hornsby, The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy [M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Pre, 2000.[10] Martin, Wendy.The Cambridge Companion to Emily Dickinson [M].England: Cambridge University Pre, 2002.[11] Stein, Nany Rachel.Shifting the Ground: Four American Women’s Revision of Nature, Gender, and Race [M].New Jersey: New Brunswick, 1994.[12] Tate, Allen.“Emily Dickinson” Interpretation of American Literature [M].New York: Oxford University, 1959.[13] 常耀信.美国文学简史[M].天津: 南开大学出版社, 2008.[14] 刘守兰.狄金森研究[M].上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2006.[15] 江枫.狄金森诗选[M].北京: 中央编译出版社, 2004.1

济南大学毕业论文

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