翻译第一第二单元_第二单元翻译1

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第一单元 旅游

青岛坐落于山东半岛南部，依山临海，天姿秀美，气候凉爽，人称“东方瑞士”。白天，青岛宛如镶嵌在黄海边的绿宝石。夜里则像一只在大海中摆动的摇篮。难怪很多人乐意来这里疗养。

Qingdao, known as the “Switzerland of the Orient”, is situated on the southern tip of Shandong Peninsula.Wedged between hills and waters, the city is endowed with a beautiful scenery and a delightful climate.By day, she looks like a green gem inlaid in the coastline of the Yellow Sea and, at night, a cradle rocking upon the sea waves.No wonder so many people come to seek rest and relaxation.Xi’an, Tai’an 孔子 Confucius 孙中山 Sun Yat-sen 蒋介石 Chiang Kai-shek 长江 the Yangtze River 西藏 Tibet 松花江 the Sungari River 拉萨布达拉宫 the potala Palace of Lasa 泰山Mount Tai 中国日报 China Daily 北京周报 Beijing Review 政协 Chinese People’s Public Consultative Conference 民盟 China Democratic League 国务院办公厅 General Office of the State Council 中华全国总工会 All-China Federation of Trade Unions 《茶馆》 Teahouse 避暑胜地 summer resort 彩塑 color sculpture 茶楼 teahouse 出土文物 unearthed cultural relics 工艺精湛 exquisite workmanship 古建筑群 ancient architectural complex 桂林山水甲天下 Guilin scenery tops in the world

婚丧嫁娶风俗 the local conditions and customs of wedding and funeral 金刚 the Guardians 锦绣大地 a land of splendors 景色如画 picturesque view 举世闻名的旅游景观 world-renowned attractions 孔庙祭典 a memorial ceremony at Confucius’ Temple 旅游景点 tourist attraction, scenic spot, tourist destination, places of tourist attraction, resort 民间艺术节 folklore festival 民俗风情 folklore, folk customs 名胜古迹 places of historical interest, relics and scenic beauty 品尝风味小吃 taste the food of local taste 人文景观 places of historic figures and cultural heritage 山清水秀

beautiful mountains and clear waters 山水风光 scenery with mountains and rivers, landscape 诗情画意 a scene full of poetic and artistic conception 手工艺品 handicraft, artifact 水上街市 overwater market 丝绸之路 the Silk Road/ Route 唐三彩 tricolor-grazed pottery, ceramics of the Tang Dynasty 藤桥 cane bridge 体验异国风情 experience the obvious exotic atmosphere 土特产 special local products 外汇年收入 annual foreign currency earnings 文房四宝 the fours stationary treasure of Chinese study including writing brushes, ink sticks, inkstones and paper 文化遗产 cultural heritage 文人墨客 men of letters;writers and poets 珍禽奇兽和奇花异草 unique and intriguing animals and flora 中国民间艺术绝活 Chinese unique skills in folk art 自然奇观 natural splendor, attraction 天下第一泉

the finest spring under heaven/ in the world 天下第一洞 the most spectacular cave unparalleded elsewhere in the world

课后练习 1.乡村旅游受到游客们的欢迎。他们能够体验乡村生活，品尝家庭制作的食品，在自然环境中好好轻松一下。

Rural tours have been welcomed by tourists, who can experience country life, taste home-made food and relax in natural surroundings.2.上海香格里拉大酒店位于浦东江畔，与四百六十五米高的“东方之珠”电视塔遥遥相望。

Located near Pudong, Shanghai Shangri-La Hotel has a view of the 465-meter-high Oriental Pearl TV Tower.3.以文物和历史遗迹而闻名遐迩的古都――西安，建设了10座森林公园，去年吸引了八十万参观者。

Xi’an, an ancient city well-known for its relics and historic sites, has constructed 10 forest parks, which attracted more than 800,000 visitors last year.4.天津海滨度假村近日开业，提供包括水上飞机、跳伞、海上垂钓、沙滩排球、温泉理疗、海滨戏浪在内的各种娱乐活动。

The Tianjin Seaside Holiday Resort has opened to the public recently.It provides recreation activities including water planes, parachute jumping, sea fishing, beach volleyball, hot-spring physical therapy and beachcombing.5.最近中国取消了对国内外游客实行不同票价的做法，使任何人在参观景点时都享受同等待遇。

China recently canceled different ticket prices for domestic and foreign tourists.Everyone can now enjoy equal treatment when they visit scenic spots.6大致有两类离家出远门的人―――观光客和旅行者。观光客得到的是一种模拟的感受。他们享受舒适豪华，与现实世界隔绝，全然不知旅行的真谛。而旅行者则历经艰难。他们是独立自主的，囊中羞涩的，并且能够忍受各种不便。旅行的精彩正在于此。There are generally two kinds of people on the road away from home---tourists and travelers.Tourists are the ones having the simulated experience.Enjoying comfort and luxury, sheltered from reality, they don’t know what traveling is all about.Travelers, on the other hand, suffer.They are independent, impecunious and able to tolerate all degree of discomfort.This is travel at its best.7中国民俗文化村是国内第一个荟萃各民族的民间、民俗风情和居民建筑于一园的大型文化旅游区。它座落在风光秀丽的深圳湾畔，占地18万平方米。您可以在一日之内，或乘车，或步行，或乘船在村寨里尽情游历。除了可以了解各民族的建筑风格之外，还可以欣赏和参与各民族的歌舞表演、民族工艺品生产和民族风味食品制作的表演。

China Folk Culture Villages, the first large culture sightseeing spots within the country, combines the populace, folk customs and popular architecture of each nationality excellence in a garden.Located in the scenic splendor of Shenzhen Bay, it covers an area of 180,000 square meters.You may tour around the villages by car, by boat or on foot.Not only can you get to know the architecture style of each nationality but also enjoy and participate the ethnic singing and dancing performance, as well as the making of the ethnic crafts and cuisine（烹饪，饭菜）performance.第二单元

人物介绍 周恩来的品质、人格、风范、情怀为中华民族树立了一座精神丰碑。他那种勤勤恳恳、任劳任怨、全心全意为人民服务的奉献精神；那种艰苦朴素、严于律己、心底无私、一心为公的清廉精神；那种顾全大局，不计较个人荣辱得失的牺牲精神；那种实事求是的求实精神；那种言行一致的磊落精神；那种对党、对国家和人民的高度责任感，工作一丝不苟，周密细致的精神，正是我们今天建设社会主义精神文明所迫切需要发扬光大的。品德

moral character 人格

personality 风范

style 情怀

noble sentiments 丰碑

a paragon 勤勤恳恳

hard and diligent working 任劳任怨 hard-working without any complaint 全心全意

whole-hearted 奉献精神

dedication 严以律己

to be strict with oneself 一心为公

engroment by the public interest 顾全大局

in deference to the interests of the overall situation 荣辱得失 honor or disgrace, gain or lo 求实精神

realistic approach 磊落精神 the open and upright spirit 言行一致

to be as good as one’s words 高度责任感

high sense of responsibility 一丝不苟

to be work conscientiously and meticulously 周密细致

the strict and careful spirit 精神文明

spiritual civilization 发扬光大

to carry forward

Zhou Enlai’s moral character, personality, style and noble sentiments constituted a paragon for the Chinese nation.His dedication as shown in his diligent, conscientious and hard working and whole-hearted service to the people without any complaint;his incorruptibility as shown in his plain living, being strict with himself, selflene and engroment by the public interest, his spirit of sacrifice as shown in his never being concerned about personal honor or disgrace, gain or lo in deference to the interests of the overall situation;his realistic approach of seeking truth from facts;his open and upright spirit of being as good as his words;his high sense of responsibility to the Party, the state and the people;his strict and careful spirit of working conscientiously and meticulously-are all that we need urgently to carry forward in fostering our socialist spiritual civilization.翻译难点：四字格词语汉语由四个字构成的词语数量很大，使用频率很高。英译时，英语无法在结构上对应四字格的要求，只能打破原文的四字格结构，再准确传递原文信息的基础上，能直译且保持原来的民族特色和形象，并为外国读者所理解，则可以直译。否则，应采用意译法，或修辞译法，将词语的基本意思译成简洁明了的英语即可。A 直译法：即根据四字成语的意义，运用对应词或者词组进行翻译的方法。

败兴而归

to come back disappointedly 背道而驰

to run in the opposite direction 不欢而散

to part on bad terms 惩前毖后，治病救人

to cure the sickne to save the

patient;

to learn from past mistakes to avoid

future ones.大补元气

reinforce vital energy 典雅大方

elegant and graceful 点头哈腰

to bow and scrape 独一无二

one and only 光明正大

fair and square 胡说八道

stuff and nonsense 花色繁多

a wide selection of colours and designs 救死扶伤

to heal the wounded and rescue the dying 滥用职权

to abuse one’s power 老少良伴

good companies for children as well as adults 寥寥无几

few and far between 浓香可口

aromatic character and agreeable taste 弄巧成拙

to be too clever by half 软硬适中

neither too hard nor too soft 四面八方

far and near 同甘共苦

share weal and woe 熙熙攘攘

hustle and bustle 扬长避短

to make the best poible use of

favorable conditions and avoid the unfavorable;to foster strengths and circumvent

weakne.一言九鼎

one’s word carries weight of nine tripods 辗转反侧

to to and turn 政通人和

to be reflected by logical administration and harmonious people

B 意译法：有些四字格词语由四个字构成一个意思，英译时可以概括地表达原意。背信弃义

perfidious 病入膏肓

beyond cure 高视阔步

carry oneself proudly 根深蒂固

deeply ingrained 拐弯抹角

obliquely 急功近利，浅尝辄止

instant succe 金玉其外，败絮其中

rubbish coated in gold and jade;fair without, foul within 名落孙山

to fail in a competitive examination

脱贫致富

poverty alleviation 相得益彰

bring out the best in each other 相辅相成supplement each other 相形见绌

pale by comparison 相映成趣

form a delightful contrast 小康水平

a relatively comfortable standard of living 胸有成竹

absolutely confident;to have a card on one’s sleeve

自力更生

rely on one’s own efforts;self-reliance

有些四字格词语，前两个字和后两个字意义上明显有重复，翻译时只译两个字的意思即可，全译反而显得累赘。

半生不熟

half-cooked 暴风骤雨

a violent storm 笨口拙舌

awkward in speech 不慌不忙

unhurried 赤手空拳

bare handed 高谈阔论

to indulge in loud and empty talk 破釜沉舟

to burn one’s boat/ bridge 轻柔松软

soft and light 深仇大恨

profound hatred 深情厚谊

profound feeling

有些四字格词语需要重新组织表达形式，甚至运用一些典故，比如，希腊神话典故和圣经典故，才能生动形象地表达原意。或者运用一些修辞手法，如隐喻，谐音，反复，使得译文能够准确地被别人所接受。

洁齿清气

cleans your breath while it cleans your teeth(repetition)竭尽全力

tooth and nail(metaphor)天网恢恢疏而不漏

Justice has long arms.(Metaphor)无米之炊

to make brick without straw 严禁喧哗

to speak aloud is not allowed（homonyms）

指点迷途

Ariadne’s thread(Greek myth)自命不凡

ambitions as Phaection(Greek myth)

Supplementary vocabulary and expreions 博大精深

to have extensive and profound ideas 不骄不躁

neither arrogant nor rash 操办风

to do things on a grand scale 从实际出发

to be based on reality 扶正压邪

to foster the good practice of upholding justice and condemning evil 浮于表面

to remain on the surface 假公济私

to use public office for personal gain 建设有中国特色的社会主义

building socialism with Chinese characteristics 讲理想，讲纪律

to foster lofty ideals and a sense of discipline 脚踏两只船

to run with the hare and hunt with the hounds 接受监督

to place themselves under the supervision 旧瓶换新酒

to put the new wine in the old bottle 鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已

to do one’s best and devote oneself to the people and country until the last day of one’s life 克己奉公

to work selflely for the public interests

克勤克俭

to be industrious and frugal

量力而行

to take no more on you than you are able to bear 能上能下

to be able to take a higher or lower post as required 年富力强

young and energetic 徘徊不前

waver and procrastinate 破格提拔

unconventionally promote 谦和致远

Fair and softly goes far.前赴后继

to advance wave upon wave 强大精神动力

a powerful moral motive force 亲者痛，仇者快

to grieve friends and gladden enemies 群策群力

to pool the knowledge and efforts of the people 仁政

a viewpoint of purely benevolent government 软弱涣散 flabbine and lack of unity 少讲空话，多办实事 to renounce empty talk in favor of practical works 损公为私

to appropriate public property for one’s won advantage 特殊化

to seek for privileges 新官上任三把火

New brooms sweep clean

行贿诈骗

bribery and swindling 徇私舞弊

favoritism and cheating 言而有信

to suit the action to the word 炎黄子孙

descendants of Emperors Yan and Huang 业绩

outstanding achievements 以身作则

set a good example with one’s own conduct 因地制宜

to adapt to local conditions 勇往直前，义无反顾

to advance without any hesitation or misgivings 扎扎实实

down-to-earth 知人善任

to know their subordinates well and make good use of them 自重、自制、自知之明

self-reverence;self-control;self-knowledge Further practice 1.但是无论前面是地雷阵，还是万丈深渊，我都将勇往直前，义无反顾，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。2.毛泽东通知称赞朱自清“一身重病，宁可饿死，不领美国的救济粮，表现了我们民族的英雄气概。” 3.冯韩源十岁失明，勤学苦修，六年牛津，名列前茅。

4.近年来，美国华裔科技人才辈出，成就卓著，引起国际科技界的注意和重视。

5.乔治·华盛顿是一位严厉的行政官员，他笃信宗教，严守规章，是一丝不苟地严格执行纪律的军事家。

6.1946年8月19日，威廉·杰斐逊·克林顿出生于阿肯色州的霍普山城。霍普的英文是“Hope”, 为“希望”之意，所以后来克林顿的支持者常常称他为“来自希望之城的人。”

克林顿的幼年家境非常不幸。生父布莱恩在他在他出生前3个月遭车祸去世。继父罗杰·克林顿酗酒成性，导致家庭不和。这种经历养成了克林顿忍耐自制，善于竞争，极有主见的性格。

7.7.在美国大选中，除了克林顿总统当选连任意外，最大的赢家可能就是华盛顿州新当选的民主党州长骆家辉。因为这是美国本土历史上第一位华裔，也是第一位中国血统的人士当选一个州的州长，所以引起舆论的高度重视。