物流管理英语Chapter 6教案_学术综合英语6教案
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Chapter 6
Information Technology in a Supply Chain
教学目的和要求：
1、Understand the importance of information and information technology in a supply chain2、Know at a high level how the supply chain drivers use information3、Describe the various SC-related information technologies and information systems that have been developed over the past several decades4、Understand the major applications of supply chain information technology and the procees that they enable5、Discu the impact of information technology on supply chain management in the future
教学重点：
1、The importance of information and information technology in a supply chain2、How the supply chain drivers use information3、The various SC-related information technologies and information systems that have been developed over the past several decades4、The major applications of supply chain information technology and the procees that they enable5、The impact of information technology on supply chain management in the future
教学过程：
1.New Words and Expreions
2.The Role of IT in a Supply Chain
Information is a key supply chain driver because it serves as the glue that allows the other supply chain drivers to work together with the goal of creating an integrated, coordinated supply chain.Information is crucial to supply chain performance because it provides the foundation on which supply chain procees execute transactions and manages make decisions.IT consists of the hardware, software, and people throughout a supply chain that gather, analyze, and execute upon information.Information is the key to the succe of a supply chain because it enables management to make decisions over a broad scope that croes both functions and companies.Information is a key ingredient not just at each stage of the supply chain, but also within each phase of supply chain decision making—from the strategic phase to the planning phase to the operational phase.1)Facility
Determining the location, capacity, and schedules of a facility requires information on the trade-offs among efficiency and flexibility, demand, exchange rates, taxes, and so on.2)Inventory
Setting optimal inventory policies requires information that includes demand patterns, costs of carrying inventory, costs of stocking out, and cost of ordering.3)Transportation
Deciding on transportation networks, routings, modes, shipments vendors requires information including costs, customer locations, and shipment sizes to make good decisions.4)Sourcing
Information on product margins, prices, quality, delivery lead times, and so on, are all important in making sourcing decisions.5)Pricing and revenue management
Te set pricing policies, one needs information on demand, both its volume and various customer segment’s willingne to pay, as well as many supply iues such as the product margin, lead time, and availability.3.Brief History of Information System Connectivity
The development of SC information systems closely follows the inside-outside development approach.The development of these systems began with a very narrow focus on inventory and has gradually expanded to encompa other areas of the organization, progreively building on the structure of previous applications.Economic order quantity(EOQ)and reorder point(ROP)systems were followed by material requirements planning(MRP)systems, which helped determine when orders should be placed for various components to avoid stockouts and exce inventory.Distribution requirements planning(DRP)systems, which extended MRP thinking to the distribution network, helped determine the correct amount of products to produce as well as the correct locations to which to ship finished goods.These systems were followed by just-in-time(JIT), quick response(QR), continuous product replenishment(CPR), and efficient consumer response(ECR)systems that helped better match buyers’ demands with the production and delivery of suppliers.These systems naturally grew into other systems such as vendor-managed inventory(VMI), where organizations are responsible for managing the inventory levels of their customers.Customer relationship management(CRM)systems complemented these systems, helping companies track and analyze customer behavior.CRM systems also enabled managers to evaluate the effect of specific sales and marketing efforts.The term customer relationship management(CRM)encompaes all strategies, methodologies, tools, and other technology-based capabilities that help an enterprise organize and manage its customer relationships.The focus of CRM is on providing optimal value to customers through pre-sale interactions, sales procees, and post-sale interactions.4.The Supply Chain IT Framework
From an enterprise’s perspective, all procees within its supply chain can be categorized into three main areas: procees focused downstream, procees focused internally, and procees focused upstream. Customer relationship management(CRM)
Internal supply chain management(ISCM)
Supplier relationship management(SRM)
1)Customer Relationship Management
The CRM macro proce consists of procees that take place between an enterprise and its customers downstream in the supply chain.The goal of the CRM macro proce is to generate customer demand and facilitate transmiion and tracking of orders.Weakne in this proce results in demand being lost and a poor customer experience because orders are not proceed and executed effectively. Marketing
Sell
Order management
Call/service center
2)Internal Supply Chain Management
ISCM is focused on operations internal to the enterprise.ISCM includes all procees revolved in planning for and fulfilling a customer order. Strategic planning
Demand planning
Supply planning
Fulfillment
Field service
3)Supplier Relationship Management
SRM includes those procees focused on the interaction between the enterprise and suppliers that are upstream in the supply chain.The major SRM procees are the design collaboration, sourcing, negotiation, buy, and supply collaboration procees.4)The Transaction Management Foundation
5.Supply Chain IT in Practice
Select an IT system that addrees the company’s key succe factors.Every industry and even companies within an industry can have very different key succe factors.By key succe factors, we mean the two or three elements that really determine whether or not a company is going to be succeful.It is important to select supply chain IT systems that are able to give a company an advantage in the areas most crucial to the succe of the busine. One way to help ensure succe of IT projects is to design them so that they have incremental steps. Use IT systems to support decision making, not to make decisions.Think about the future.Although it is more difficult to make a decision about an IT system with the future in mind than the present, it is very important that managers include the future state of the busine in the decision procees.6.The Future of IT in the Supply Chain
Most likely to occur: SC executives expect an increased demand for on-line technical information, an increased integration role for the purchasing functions of organizations, the elimination of human intervention in the procurement-through-payables transaction proce, an improvement in efficiencies as a result of Web-based systems, and the continued use of Internet/Web-based links with suppliers. Least likely to occur: Based on what SC executives believe is unlikely to happen, we can draw the following conclusions:
Web-based tools will not erode the leverage advantages of larger buyers
Industry-sponsored e-markets will not become primary sourcing tools
Reverse auctions will not account for more than 20 percent of the spend
Neutral e-markets are le likely to be utilized than industry sponsored e-marketplaces
Strategic alliances/relationships will not become le important as a result of e-commerce
1)ERP Ⅱ
SC-wide information connectivity 2)E-Marketplaces
One unique application of the Internet has been the creation of e-marketplaces.In terms of SCM, e-marketplaces can add value by helping companies identify new resources of supply or new customers.They can also help facilitate transactions between buyers and suppliers by being mediator between the various parties.3)Radio frequency technology
RFID tags have the potential to deliver a completely new level of transparency to supply chains and their customers.4)Electronic on-line bidding events: the reverse auction
Reverse auctions are when suppliers bid for a buyer’s busine.These auctions result in a downward preure on the price of the product or service being sold.Electronic reverse auctions are simply auctions that take place over the Internet or some other electronic technology.
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