宾语从句和定语从句在用法上有什么区别

2023-02-16 20:58:52 精品范文 下载本文

第1篇:宾语从句和定语从句在用法上有什么区别

定语从句

在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”。

引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。

扩展资料

由that, which, who和whom引导的`定语从句:

1.关系代词that引导的定语从句。that在从句中作主语或宾语,可以指人,也可以指物。

如:A plane is a machinethatcan fly. (作主语,指物)

That’s is the best hotelthatI know. (作宾语,指物)

Who is the manthatis reading a book over there? (作主语,指人)

The girlthatwe saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作宾语,指人)

2.关系代词which引导的定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语,只可以指物。

如:They planted some treeswhichdidn’t need much water. (作主语,指物)

The fishwhichwe bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语,指物)

3.关系代词who和whom引导的定语从句。who和whom只可以指人,分别在从句中作主语或宾语,口语中通常用who代替whom。

如:The boywhobroke the window is called Tom. (作主语,指人)

The person towhomyou talked just now is Mr Smith. (作宾语,指人)

宾语从句

用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的词有:连词that, whether, if;连接代词who, whose, what, which;连接副词when, where, how, why等。

如:I doubtwhetherhe will succeed.

I wonderwhathe’s writing to me about.

I’ll tell youwhyI asked you to come.

注意:

1.宾语从句既可跟在及物动词后面,也可跟在介词后,还可跟在形容词后。

如:I don’t knowwho all the people are.

Please find outwhen the ship sails for New York.

He was afraidthat the other kids would laugh at him.

2.当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it做形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。

如:I finditstrangewhat she said at the meeting.

We have madeitclearthat we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.

宾语从句例句详解

1. that引导

We believe that he is honest.我们相信他是诚实的。

The doctor insists that I give up smoking医生坚持要我戒烟。

I suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建议我们明天走。

I suggested that we should go the next day.我建议我们第二天走。

We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain.从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。

The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days.卖方要求5日内付款。

2. whether / if引导

I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time.我不知道他是否能及时到。

I didn’t know whether they liked the place.我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。

I’ll see whether I can induce him to accept it.我要看看我是否能劝他接受。

I asked her whether she agreed.我问她是否同意。

He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish.他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。

I wonder if it’s large enough.我不知道它是否够大。

She didn’t say if he was still alive.她没说他是否还活着。

3.连接代词引导

I don’t know who [whom] you mean.我不知道你指谁。

Please tell me which you like.告诉我你喜欢哪一个。

I’Il do whatever I can do.我将做我所能做的事。

You can take whichever you like.你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。

We’ll do whatever we can to save him.我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。

Take whichever seat you like.你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。

Give it to whoever you like.你把它爱给谁就给谁。

You don’t know what you are talking about.你在说什么,你自己也不知道。

Tomorrow at this time we’ll know who is elected.明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。

4.连接副词引导

He asked why he had to go alone.他问他为什么必须一个人去。

You don’t know when you are lucky.你身在福中不知福。

I asked how he was getting on.我问他情况怎样。

He knows where they live.他知道他们住哪里。

Have you found out how wide the ditch Was?你了解到那条沟有多宽吗?

I’d like to know when they will let him out.我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。

We didn’t know why he had answered in that fashion.我们不明白他为什么这样回答。

第2篇:宾语从句if 和whether的用法区别

用whether不用if:当whether与or not连成一个词组时;在介词后面;在动词不定式之前;引导主语从句时;在及物动词后的宾语从句中。

一般疑问句改成宾语从句就用if 和whether,IF不能用于句子中含有or not,而whether可以。

扩展资料

if和whether用法:

一、if和whether都可译为“是否”,二者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换,口语中多用if代替whether。例如:Ask if/whether he plans to come to the meeting. 而以下几种情况中, 只能用whether:

1、强调两方面的选择,特别是句中有or not时。如: Let me know whether you can come or not.

2、宾语从句前置时。如: Whether this is true, I cant say.

3、引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如: Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. (主语从句)

The question is whether he can do it. (表语从句)

The question whether we should go with them must be decided at once. (同位语从句)

4、在介词之后作介词的宾语时。如: I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.

5、在不定式前与不定式一起组成词组时。如: Whether to go or stay is still a question.

6、在discuss, decide 等动词后作宾语时。如: We discussed whether we should go there by plane.

二、if或whether引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,常放在动词ask 、see 、say 、know和find out等后面。一般情况下,两者常可换用,在口语中多用if。如:

例1 Nobody knows whether (if) it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨。

例2 Lucy asked whether (if) they had a cotton sweater .露西问他们是否有棉制的羊毛衣。

三、if或whether引导宾语从句时,要注意三个方面,即连词、语序和时态。

1、if或whether不能和that 或其它连词(副词)同时使用,也不能省去。如:

例3我不知道他今天是否会来。

[误] I don’t know that if(whether) he will come here today .

[正] I don’t know if(whether) he will come here today .

例4他走过来看看猫是否出了毛病。

[误] He came to see what if (whether) there was wrong with his cat .

[正] He came to see if (whether) there was wrong with his cat .

2、if或whether引导的宾语从句时,虽具有疑问意义,但从句语序应用陈述句语序。如:

例5 Did you know the way to the hospital ? The old woman asked me .

The old woman asked me .if (whether) I knew the way to the hospital .老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。

3、if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时,从句用任一种时态;主句为一般过去时,从句则用过去时中的`任一种时态。如:

例6 I don’t know if (whether) he has come here . 我不知道他是否来过这儿。

例7 Tom asked if (whether) I had read the book . 汤姆问我是否看过这本书 。

四、if和whether的区别:

1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如:

例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。

2、在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:

例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。

3、在介词后,只能用whether。如:

例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。

4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如:

例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。

5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:

例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?

这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义。

第3篇:宾语从句if 和whether的用法区别

宾语从句if 和whether的用法区别(通用9篇)由网友 “还已真人” 投稿提供,以下是小编帮大家整理后的宾语从句if 和whether的用法区别,欢迎大家分享。

篇1:宾语从句if 和whether的用法区别

if和whether用法:

一、if和whether都可译为“是否”,二者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换,口语中多用if代替whether。例如:Ask if/whether he plans to come to the meeting. 而以下几种情况中, 只能用whether:

1、强调两方面的选择,特别是句中有or not时。如: Let me know whether you can come or not.

2、宾语从句前置时。如: Whether this is true, I can't say.

3、引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如: Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. (主语从句)

未完,继续阅读 >

第4篇:宾语从句if 和whether 的用法区别

用whether不用if:当whether与or not连成一个词组时;在介词后面;在动词不定式之前;引导主语从句时;在及物动词后的宾语从句中。

一般疑问句改成宾语从句就用if 和whether,IF不能用于句子中含有or not,而whether可以。

扩展资料

if和whether都可译为“是否”,二者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换,口语中多用if代替whether。

强调两方面的选择,特别是句中有or not时。

if或whether引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,常放在动词ask 、see 、say 、know和find out等后面。一般情况下,两者常可换用,在口语中多用if。

if或whether引导宾语从句时,要注意三个方面,即连词、语序和时态。

未完,继续阅读 >

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