高分英语写作攻略之功能段落法
第1篇：高分英语写作攻略之功能段落法
高分英语写作攻略之功能段落法
写作是最灵活的一种测试形式。写自己提前准备的表达是提分最有效的利器。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高分英语写作方法，希望对你有帮助。
一、“功能段落”突破CET写作
“To be or not to be: that is a question。”莎士比亚如是说。冲刺阶段，背模板还是不背?我的答案：背，但绝不是盲目地背。
整篇背诵模板不是最有效的方法，因为模板的写作思路是固定的，然而很多时候试题的命题思路可能与所背模板思路不同。因此，可能导致“所背非所考”，甚至导致文不对题，生搬硬套。
但是，无论四六级写作话题如何变化，一般都对应三个或两个汉语提纲。只要按提纲要求去写相应的内容段落，就做到了紧扣主题。历年写作提纲可以总结为六种功能段落：现象描述、危害分析(弊)、原因分析、建议措施、观点阐述(观点的本质为利弊：支持方观点等于分析“利”，反方观点等于分析“弊”)、意义阐述(利)。
下面，结合近年真题展示功能段落内容：
2011-06：Online Shopping
1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题
3.我的建议
解析：本次四级作文对应四个段落分别是：现象、观点(利、弊)和建议。该类作文可以被称之为：观点对比型作文，对比的内容重点在利弊分析上。
2010-12：How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?
1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
2. 为了让孩子独立， 父母应该……
解析：该题目只有两个提纲：现象和建议，可以添加一个功能段落：原因。这样这篇作文就是“三段论”的形式：提出问题(负面现象描述)、分析问题(原因)、建议措施段。2010年6月CET也属于该种那类型。
2009-12：Creating a Green Campus
1. 建设绿色校园很重要
2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……
3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……
解析：该段对应提纲如下：意义阐述(即分析：利或好处)、现象描述(解释绿色校园环境之外的因素)、建议措施段。
综合以上分析，六种功能段落已经涵盖住了以上考试的所有提纲。因此，如果能够掌握住六种功能段落的写作实际就掌握了四六级考试写作考题的最本质特征。那样的话，无论题目如何变化，我们准备都是有的放矢的。反观，死背模板容易导致生搬硬套，甚至文不对题。
二、写作短期提分方略
在了解了四六级考试在命题特点的基础上，考生在冲刺阶段最需要准备的是两个内容：思路和表达。思路解决怎么写的问题，表达解决写什么的问题。如果拿到一个作文题目，你知道应该按照什么思路去写，又知道应该写什么表达，这篇作文就已经成功了一半。
思路点拨：在本人所讲授的基础班、强化班、精品班等不同班型上都曾讲授到现象、原因、建议、利弊、观点分析时的逻辑：“一个中心，四个基本点”。具体内容：“以孩子(学生、事件)为中心，以家长[微博](老师、相关人员)、家庭(学校、管理机构)、社会、法规(道德意识)为基本点”。
试举例说明：以2010年12月真题为例，主题为子女教育话题。谈到子女，必然涉及到家长，孩子和家长组成家庭，千千万万的家庭组成社会，是什么在维护着社会稳定?法规和道德意识。这样我们就找到了可以入手去分析的五个方面：孩子、家长、家庭、社会、法规道德意识。如何使用这五个方面?比如分析家长溺爱孩子原因时至少可以从家长意识、家庭结构变化、社会背景角度去分析。
同理，2010年6月话题为学生英语学习，可从学生自身、教师教学、学校教学政策角度去分析。那么，如果主题不是孩子也不是学生，怎么分析?2011年6月主题为网络购物，分析时就以该事件为中心，可以想到相关人或物(买方：customers/clients/shoppers;卖方：online shops/stores;中间方：支付宝、淘宝等)，其管理机构(政府)、社会背景，相关法规是否健全等。
“一个中心，四个基本点”的分析逻辑形成一种立体化网状结构，考生运用该思维模式，只要能想到其中两到三点，思路问题即可迎刃而解。建议童鞋们首先将该思路背诵下来，以备将来可以在考场上灵活应用。
表达积累
表达分为四个层次：词句段篇。其中篇章层面只要按照提纲要求去组织文章即可，因此篇章方面不足为虑。段落方面按照“功能段落”的六种形式去识别，也小菜一碟。
词和句是表达的基本元素，也是语言质量的根本体现。在新东方教书的这几年中和参加四六级考试阅卷的经历中，看过无数学生的作文，深感学生词句方面能力的薄弱。同时结合过往教学中的成功案例，提出冲刺阶段表达积累的高效途径。
背写：思路+表达
很多同学考前也在背，背的滚瓜烂熟，脱口而出，觉得自己水平很牛!上了考场也顺利将文章写了出来，却得了一个很低的分数，为什么?因为单词都拼错了。冲刺阶段，请牢记：口头背诵得再好不等于能够写对。背写是提高写作和翻译唯一也是最有效的方法。
那么，背写什么内容哪?答案是思路和表达。思路上文中已有论述，遣词和造句的'表达方面应该紧密结合功能段落来背诵有效句式和用词。考生不必刻意追求适用难词，但可以将常见词汇稍作替换：如，
exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换very;an army of/a great many/a host of 替换a lot of;advancement 替换 development; positive, favorable, promising(有希望的)， perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good; give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause; harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that替换think; beneficial, rewarding替换helpful; bear in mind that替换remember; enjoy, possess替换have; shopper, client, consumer, purchaser替换customer……
表达精彩体现在三个方面：遣词、造句、连贯。大家可以结合以下例文感受这三个方面：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of To Help or Not to Help. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:
1. 帮助别人是一种美德
2. 但是帮助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻烦
3. 我的看法
首段阐述意义：In contemporary society, it should be a virtue for individuals to offer help to those who are in need. Without this morality, it is impossible for the society to be named “Harmony”. Apparently enough, it is of great importance/ significance/ value/ benefits for people to help each other, especially in difficulties。
二段描述负面现象：However, a host of people find it hard or troublesome to offer helps to strangers. We have been frequently informed that(A typical example is that) a warmhearted man —who lends a hand to an old lady—gets himself in trouble. Since helping others may trigger trouble, a few people refuse to offer help timely. And if we let/allow this situation to continue as it is now, we would not know where civilized society will be in the forthcoming future。
尾段我的看法或建议：As college students, we should bear in mind this virtue. However, it is essential that regulations should be worked out to support this virtue. In addition, it is suggested that we should offer aid to strangers in a safe way, such as dialing 12o or 110 for help. If we try our utmost to do so, the future of our society/ civilization will be promising, hopeful and rosy. (以上范文字数为202词，请自己酌情删减即可)
三、冲刺复习安排建议
总体原则：先背再写、阶段总结、适当模拟。
先背再写：基础较差同学一定要先背一些功能句式和教材相关范文，然后模仿该作文的思路和表达去写。背写的目的是积累语言表达实力，同时练习书写的公正和优美。建议书写较差的考生买本英语字帖练一下书写，也许你会有意外的惊喜。
阶段总结：每过一周就要问自己几个问题：所背诵的表达可以用来写什么类型的文章?该类文章的相关词汇或表达有什么?关键词如何避免重复?请记住：没有复习，没有巩固。
适当模拟：在熟练掌握背写了六种功能段落的思路和表达之后，可以结合适当题目在写作中运用所讲所背所总结提分词汇、句式。建议大家能够灵活运用，做到一例多用。比如我在多个班上讲过的关于英语学习的话题作文，可以写13次四级考试的作文。
题目：On English Learning
提纲：1. 英语学习很重要;2. 英语者所面临的困难;3. 如何学好英语
In contemporary world, English learning has gained great popularity and it is of great significance. (主题句) Firstly, based on a survey, a majority of tourists acknowledge that they prefer to speak English when traveling around the world. (调查法表述)Secondly, compared with the poor English speakers, good English-speakers are superior in many ways. (比较模板句式)
However, English learners may have a variety of difficulties or troubles in their learning. (主题句) For example, it can be noticed that a large number of students have difficulty memorizing words. Sometimes, it is difficult for them to understand the rules of grammar. In addition, though some are good at reading or writing, they can not express themselves freely in English。
Then, how to get a good command of (学好) this language? I am convinced that practice makes perfect. Only practice can enable one to speak and write fluently. And it is also through practice that one can master the rules of grammar and remember words, and there is no other way. (强调句式)
第2篇：考研英语写作高分攻略1
§考研英语写作高分攻略背诵版（1）
第一章 图 画 作 文§
第1节 人生价值
【要点提示】
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图画作文也叫漫画作文，出题方式一般是提供一幅图画，并且图上带有一点文字提示。然后题目要求考生对图画进行简单描述，并且说明其内在寓意和考生自己的看法。如此一来就需要考生对图画进行细致认真的观察，获取有效信息，这样才能正确把握图画的寓意。为了方便考生复习，我们海天英语教学团队总结出有关“考研英语图画作文十大经典话题”的重要图画启示以及相关的核心表达、句式和模版来供考生背诵。
首先，在第一节大家需要掌握的是关于人生价值的漫画给我们的启示，一般可分为以下几种：
1）人要有乐观的心态，树立自信，只有这样才能获得成功；2）逆境无处不在，人们应当积极面对，用坚强的意志去战胜它；3）寻找人生的真谛，取得事业成功，向社会贡献力量才是人生的奋斗目标；4）知足常乐；5）只有真正了解自己，才能克服人生道路中的困难；6）金钱不是万能的；7）人生就像一盘棋，要统筹安排，不能轻易放弃；8）人们要懂得化阻力为动力。
【核心表达】
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self-delusionn.自欺
self-aementn.自我评价
ridiculen.&vt.嘲笑，奚落
bleingn.祝福
perspectiven.看法，观点
optimistn.乐观主义者
arrangementn.整理，布置；约定
impulsivenen.冲动
poevt.拥有
ragevi.发怒，怒斥
appreciatevt.感谢，感激；欣赏，赏识
cultivatevt.培养；陶冶，建立，加强（友谊）
overestimatev.高估
underestimatev.低估
surmountv.战胜，克服
harborvt.心怀，怀有 n.港湾，海港
realistica.现实（主义）的narrow-mindeda.气量小的，小心眼的contenteda.心满意足的，满足的sobera.冷静的，清醒的；审慎的determinanta.决定的persistenta.坚持不懈的；持续的，持久的cynicala.愤世嫉俗的；悲观的harmoniousa.和睦的，友好的；和谐的，协调的triviala.琐细的；不重要的；无价值的despiteprep.不管，尽管
carry weight 对„„重要，有影响力
all walks of life 各行各业
take into account 考虑，注意，顾及，体谅
succumb to 屈服
more often than not 往往，多半
long for 渴望
take a second look at 重新观察
owe to 把„„归功于
can’t afford 承担不起，买不起
in addition 此外
as long as 只要
【黄金句式】
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1.We have to admit that…(我们不得不承认„„)
2.The aim of this picture can be interpreted as follows:…（这幅图的目的可以解释为如下意思：）
3.As is vividly depicted in the picture above…（正如上图形象描述地那样，„„）
4.Just as is revealed in the picture above,…（正如上图所揭示的那样，„„）
5.Looking at the drawing above, …（看上图，„„）
6.The implied meaning subtly conveyed in the picture should be taken into account in this way:…（图片所表达的内在含义应当可以解释为„„）
7.From my point of view,…（从我的观点来看，„„）
8.Only by means of doing…（只有通过做„„的方式）
9.Under such rough condition,…（在如此艰苦的条件下，„„）
10.Equip ourselves with…（用„„武装我们自己）
11.It is widely acknowledged that…（众所周知„„）
12.Most people are of the opinion that…（许多人认为„„）
13.When it comes to…（当谈到/涉及到„„）
14.…can’t help but leave one impreed with…（„„不得不对„„留下深刻印象）
15.A growing number of people are beginning to realize that…（越来越多的人开始意识到„„）
16.If this is indeed the case, then…（如果事实确实如此，那么„„）
17.One of the most important traits of …is…, another is…, and still another is …(„„最重要的特征之一是„„，其次是„„，还有一个是„„)
18.We can deduce from this picture that…(从这幅图中我们可以推断„„)
19.The picture indicates/ conveys the meaning that…（这幅图指出/传达了„„）
【万能模版】
----------------
模版一
________________.Actually, what the drawing reveals is thought-provoking.Needle to say, this picture aims at revealing a philosophy of human’s life: ________________________________.As a matter of fact, _________________.Many people believe that _______________.However, more often than not,_______________.There are many ways to _____________.First, _____________.Second, _________.Third,_______________.To sum up , _________________________________________________________.模版二
_________________________________________________________.__________________________________, ______________ happens to all of us, we should try to persist through the obstacle course of life with strong will._______________________________.There are many examples of men and women who achieved greatne in the end despite facing deep hurdles（困难）once in their lifetime.______________________________________________________.All these set us good examples.______________________________, we will surely be able to move ahead and grow in full bloom like the flowers in crevice(岩石、墙等的裂缝).模版三
According to the drawing above, ________________________.Although this is a very simple drawing, its intended meaning is meaningful and thought-provoking.It is wise to compare _______to______.As far as I’m concerned, there are______ reasons.To begin with, ___________________________________________________.Attitude decides everything.We should be an________, try to be_________.Furthermore, ___________________________.It is the same to life.We should be always clear about ________________.Eventually,______________________________________________.Similarly, life is not always smooth to each of us.Giving up in half way is irresponsible, we should _______ all the time.In conclusion, __________________not only_______, but also_________________.模版四
The first drawing presents us with a scene that_________________________.While in the second drawing,______________________.These two pictures set me thinking for a long time.Gradually, I find that the drawer may want to tell us a leon:______________________________________________.We have to admit that many _____ are due to______.In my view, there are still some ways to overcome it.Firstly,_______________.Secondly, ___________.Thirdly,__________________.If we could do so, surely, the chances of being _______would be doubled.模版五
The drawing depicts ______________________________________________.The drawing intends to show us that__________________________________.In fact,_________________.The drawing reminds us that it is important to have a clear picture of the_________ we face in life.Examples of this phenomenon can be found in many other situations.For instance,_____________________________________________________________.模版六
It goes without saying that this
In picture this aims at revealing a current problem:_________________________._________in front of challenges.This kind of situation drawing, _______________.However, ___________________lack almost every aspect of our ______________________________________.Obviously, can be seen in
life._____________________.Sometimes,_________________________________.In a word,_______________________________________________________.模版七
As is shown in the above picture,_____________________________________.Take_________ for example.Though he/she is ___________（e.g.deaf/handicapped）, he/she never gave up.That’s why he/she became a succeful__________ at last.We are well-being and much more fortunate than______, is there any excuse that we don’t work hard to pursuit our life goals?
Meanwhile,_____________________ is also neceary.Never lose heart, you will make it.In short, we should take efforts just because we are living on this planet.It is then our value will be realized and __________________________.模版八
This cartoon humorously presents a scene of _____________________________.However, at the critical moment,_______________________.Likewise,_________.Apparently, the purpose of the picture is to emphasize the importance of _________.On account of the quickening pace of life,______________________.Suppose ________________.Therefore,_________________________________.Numerous examples can demonstrate the power of a positive attitude.A case in point is ___________________________________________________.As for me,____________.As the saying goes,______________.Only by building strong ______________ can we demonstrate__________ and turn our dreams into reality.
第3篇：6月四级写作备考新思路“功能段落”法
2013年6月四级写作备考新思路---“功能段落”法
文/石雷鹏
2012年12月四、六级迎来了“多题多卷”形式。那么，“多题多卷”的时代写作应该如何备考？笔者结合四级阅卷，从试题特点、快速提分方略和写作复习三个角度给各位尚在迷茫中的考生献策。
一、试题特点：“跑题”的那些事
关于“多题多卷”：即一个考场同时使用多张试卷对考生进行测试。但是，“多题多卷”更多体现在阅读、完型、选词填空、翻译部分，听力和写作在同一考场内则相同。据笔者了解，同一考区内（如北京考区）的写作试题一致且2012年12月的四级写作部分全国只有两套考题。写作部分相同主要是考虑到阅卷的信度和效度，听力相同主要是放音设备的限制。
关于“跑题”：12年12月四级考了图表作文，阅卷中发现题目为“Education Pays”，主题为“不同教育背景者之间收入差异”的作文，多半学生不切题。部分原因是多数考生准备不全面，尤其对于图表作文备考不足，甚至毫无准备，造成心理障碍；更多原因是临场审题不周导致理解出现偏差。
如何避免跑题？首先，“多题多卷”
