二。名词和主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)_语法复习二主谓一致
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二．名词和主谓一致
1.名词的数
（1）.常见的不可数名词：advice.news.progre.money.furniture.fun.equipment.weather.luck.homework.housework.information.bread.medicine.clothing.wealth.sope.rice这些词在使用中不可乱套汉语而使用复数或加不定冠词（2）.有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glaes.clothes.trousers（裤子）.ashes(灰尘).congrstulations.in high spirit（以很高的热情）.It is good manners to do sth.（做某事有礼貌）
（3）.有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义不同。Workun.工作 cn.作品，著作
roomun.空间 cn.房间
Experience un.经验
cn.经历
paperun.纸 cn.论文、试卷、文件（4）.名词的修饰词
只能修饰可数名词的有：each,either,neither, another, these, Those,both,(a)few, several, many, agreat/good many, dozens of等 只能修饰不可数名词的有：（a）little, much, a bit of, a great dealof, a large amount of 等。
既可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的有：some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of 等。2.名词的单复数
（1）.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces(2).凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
bus→buses;;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes box →boxes;watch →watches;actre →actrees;cla →claes;dre →drees;sandwich →sandwiches;toothbrush →toothbrushes;waitre（女侍者）→waitrees
(3).以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。candy→candies;lady→ladies;story→stories strawberry →strawberries;baby →babies;library →libraries;dictionary →dictionaries;activity →activities
(4).以-o结尾的名词，加-es，或加-s构成复数。-es:黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿。Negroes.heroes.echoes.potatoes.Tomatoes zero既可加-s，也可加-es(5).以-f或-fe结尾的名词，一般直接加-s,但下列词需要将-f或-fe去掉，加-ves 为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半
Self-selves, life-lives, thief-thieves, wife-wives, knife-knives, leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves, wolf-wolves, half-halves *staff(员工)→staves;scarf（围巾）→scarves(6).常见单复同形的名词 Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, series, means, fish, fruit（其中fish，fruit表示种类是，可加复数词尾，即fishes, fruits）（7）.集合名词
a.形式为单数，但意义可以用为单数或复数
这类集合名词包括family(家庭)，team(队)，cla(班)，audience(听众)等，其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。
His family is large.他的家是个大家庭。
His family are all waiting for him.他的一家人都在等他。This cla consists of 45 pupils.这个班由45个学生组成。This cla are reading English now.这个班的学生在读英语。
c.形式为单数，但意义永远为复数
这类集合名词包括cattle(牛，牲畜)，people(人)，police(警察)等，其用法特点为：只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语用复数；不与 a(n)连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。People will laugh at you.人们会笑你的。The police are looking for him.警察在找他。
Many cattle were killed for this.就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。注：表示牲畜的头数，用单位词 head(单复数同形)。如： five head of cattle 5头牛，fifty(head of)cattle 50头牛 c.形式为复数，意义也为复数 这类集合名词包括goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等，其用法特点是：只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语也用复数)，但通常不与数词连用。
Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season.衣服在雨季不易干。Such clothes are very expensive.那样的衣服很贵。3.名词的所有格
表示人或物所属关系时,我们就需要使用名词所有格。如：“奶奶的房子”表示为“grandma's house”。名词所有格的构成有以下规则：(1).一般情况下，在名词的末尾加“'s”构成。如：Mike's bike迈克的自行车,Tom's books汤姆的书.(2).以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在其末尾加’如：my parents' car我父母的车,our teachers' books我们老师的书。
(3).表示几个人共同拥有的东西时，只在最后一个名字上加所有格。如：Jenny and Joan's bedroom詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室;但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格.如:Tim's and Jack's toy cars提姆和杰的玩具车。
(4).名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时，有的习惯上可以省去不用。如：The doctor's(office)医生诊所;my uncle's(house)我叔叔的家;The barber's(shop)理发店。
(5).“of+名词”属格。
The window of the claroom教室的窗户 the capital of China中国的首都 The weather of ShangHai上海的天气.(6).双重所有格
即’s属格和of属格结合起来表示所有关系 A book of my friend’s.4.名词作定语
作定语的名词往往是说明中心名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。
作定语的名词有以下三种形式：
（1）.一般用单数形
a meeting room 会议室 morning exercise早操 a story book 故事书a shoe shop 鞋店
（2）.man, woman要与所修饰的名词的单复数一致。a woman teacher 一位女教师
two women teachers 两位女教师
（3）.sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。a sports meet 运动会 a goods train 货车
customs house 海关 a sales manager 营业主任 *名词作定语和所有格作定语的区别;所有格表示所属关系 The girl friend 女朋友
The girl’s friend那位女孩的朋友 5.主谓一致（1）就近原则 a.由并列结构或连词（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but also，or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.Tom和他的父母都不在家。
b.在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
c.在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。
d.在强调句(It’s ….that/who….)中，who/that又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident.是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
(2).意义一致原则
a.”every/each/no+名词+and every/each/no+名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。Every boy and every girl is having sports now.b.”one+单数名词+and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。One apple and a half was on table.c.”more than one +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。More than one student has failed the exam.d.”many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a child was playing there.（3）。语法一致原则
只要确定主语时单数意义，则谓语用单数，主语是复数意义，则谓语用复数。
a.不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数
b.“one, either, neither, each of+复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语通常用单数形式。
Either of the stories is very funny.c.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Ten pounds was miing from the box.d.a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来确定谓语的单复数。This pair of glaes is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered, e.”a number of+复数名词意思是“许多…”,表示复数意义；“the number of+复数名词意思是“…的数目”，表示单数概念。“the population of…”意思是“...的人口数量，”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但是如果有分数、百分数等修饰，指具体的其中多少人，表达复数意义，谓语动词常用复数形式。“the average of…”意思是“...的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of the student in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.The population of China ia large and most of the population are famers.f.主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as等修饰时，谓语动词的数要和这些词汇前面的名词的数保持一致 Mr.Greentogether with his children goes to the park every Sunday.g.“the+adj.”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数，如果个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。
The disabled are well taken care of in this country.The dead in the accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University.h.分数、百分数或all, some, the rest, , half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义来确定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.练习
请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
1.Three years _______(have)paed since they met last time, and for them, three years_______(be)really a long time.2._______(be)everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon? 3.My family _______(be)the largest one in our village.Besides, my family ______(be)all party members.4.The whole cla ________(be)now listening to the teacher attentively.5.The news ______(be)very exciting.6.To learn one or two foreign languages _______(be)very important nowadays.7.The last and most difficult leon _______(be)Leon 14.8.I, who _______ your friend, will try my best to help you.9.The scientist and engineer _______(have)invented a new machine.10.Alice，together with her friends，_______(be)punished for having broken the school rules.11.Every girl and every boy _______(have)the right to join the club.12.—_______(be)either she or you to go and attend the meeting?—Neither she nor I________(be).13.Ancient and modern history _____(be)the subjects we are studying.14.Many a scientist _______(have)devoted their lives to science.15.The old _______(be)respected in our country.16.We each _____(have)strong points and each of us on the other hand ______(have)weak points.17.A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.(offer)
18.The police _______(be)determined to bring back the miing boy when his family ______(have)almost given up all hope.19.Only one of the students who ______ present______ to speak at the meeting.(be)
20.When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.(not decide)
21.Reading magazines and novels ________ helpful.(be)
22.It's not you but Mr.Anderson who _______ to answer for the incident.(be)
23.The number of people invited ______fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.(be)24.I don't think the poor _________ always poor.(be)25.At the meeting each man and each woman _______ praised by the manager yesterday.(be)
26.One and a half days ________ what I need.(be).27.Sixty percent of the work______.(do)
28.______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming ?(be)29.Such films as _____ shown yesterday ______ not worth seeing again.(be)
30.Three fourths of the earth's surface ______ covered with water..(be)31.About 85 percent of the students _______ good , and part of them _____ interested in biology.(be)
32.Politics ______ now taught in all schools..(be)33.Our headmaster and secretary ______ kind and strict.(be)
34.More than one girl _______ late for cla this morning.(be)
35.Many a student ______ in the exam.(fail)36.No boy and no girl ______ waiting for the bus.(be)37.Great quantities of fish __________________ in the river in the past few days(catch)38.This is the one of the books on the subject that ______ ever been written in Chinese(have)
39.The world's supplies of oil ________ gradually _______ up with the development of industry and the increase of cars(use)(现在进行时)40.The population of China______over 12 million and eighty percent of them _______peasants.(be)41.All but one ______ here just now.(be)42.More than 60 percent of world’s radio programs _______ in English.(be)43.A large number of students of this school ______ fond of playing football(be)44.Mary as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China now.(study)
45.Ten dollars ______a big sum for a small child, and they will go a long way.(be)
46.Apples of this kind _______ good.(taste)
47.The Olympic Games _______ held every four years.(be)48.No one but her parents ______ it.(know)
49.The paper for books and newspapers _____ made of wood.(be)
50.It is she who _______ wrong.(be)51.Twenty of us are old.The rest _______ young.52.The Smiths ______ to move into the new building(be)53.Bread and butter ______ a kind of food.(be)54.The watch and chain ______ of gold(make)55.Half the eggs ______ bad.(be)
56.There ______ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall.(be)57.A large quantity of water pipes ______ needed.(be)58.Nobody except Bill and Johnny ______entered the second round of the interview.(have)59.My driving license, rather than my credit cards, ______lost.(be)60.Every hour and every minute ______ important.(be)
答案与解析：
1.have;is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式（第二空）;若强调数目，谓语动词用复数形式（第一空）。
2.Is。不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
3.is;are。集体名词family, cla等作主语时，如果强调整体（第一空），谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体（第二空），则用复数形式。4.are。
5.is。某些名词以-s结尾，表面看是复数形式，实际上是单数概念，如physics, news等，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。6.is。当主语是不定式短语，-ing形式短语或主语从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
7.is。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，如果表示的是同一概念，谓语动词一般用单数。该句意为“最后一课十四课是最难的一课。” 8.am。
9.has。两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，当and不表示并列意 义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。
10.was。主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用with，along with，as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including等与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。11.has。两个并列的名词由each，every，no等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。
12.Is;am。当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or，either...or, neither...nor或 not only...but also等连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
13.are。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。
14.has。“many a + 单数名词”作主语时，表达的是复数意义，但谓语动词要用单数。
15.are。“the+形容词 / 过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。16.have, has
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