冠词和主谓一致复习_主谓一致专项复习
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Grammar : 冠词
冠词是虚词，它不能单独使用。只能附在一个名词上说明这个名词。冠词分为不定冠a(an)词和定冠词the。不定冠词一般表示泛指；定冠词一般表示特指。
二、不定冠词a(an)的用法
A.不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。a用于辅音字母开始的词前；an用于元音字母开始的词前。如：a girl an English book B.不定冠词用来表示类别，指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个(泛指)。如： His father is a doctor.I work in a middle school in Beijing.C.不定冠词用于单数可数名词前，可以表示其全类(泛指)。如： An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English.三、定冠词the的用法
① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。
如：He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning.The dictionary is very good.② 用于单数可数名词前，表示整体或类别。
如：The panda is a rare animal.此句等于：A panda is a rare animal.= Pandas are rare animals.③ 用来表示世界上独一无二的事物。
如：the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world ④ 用于表示阶级、党派的名词前。
如：the Chinese Communist Party, the working cla the proletariat 无产阶级 ⑤ 常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前。
A.用于许多江海，山脉，群岛等名词前：
The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific Ocean
B.用于由普通名词构成的国名：
The People’s Republic of China the United States
C.用于机关、团体、朝代、时代、报刊杂志等名词前：
the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty the People’s Daily
the Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum ⑥ 用于表示方位的名词前。
如：the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left ⑦ 用于乐器名词前，但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词。
如：play the piano play the violin play erhu
⑧ 用于复数的姓氏前，表示两夫妇或全家，在此情况下，这类名词作复数对待。
如：When we got there, the Lius were waiting for us.The Smiths watch TV every day.⑨ 用于某些形容词或过去分词前，表示一类人或事物。
如：the poor the rich the living the young
the wounded the oppreed the beautiful ⑩ 用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前。
如：Shanghai is the biggest city in china.After the game, the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath.四、零冠词用法
① 表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前，不用冠词。
Now people are living a happy life.Trees are planted everywhere.② 不含普通名词的专有名词，表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前，不用冠词。
We are studying English.He is leaving for America this year.It is pleasant to walk in soft snow.Love is always stronger than hatred.③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰，不用冠词。
I like this picture better.Is that your book?
Take their chairs away!I do not have any money on me.As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。
She likes spring while I like summer.We have no claes on Saturday.The Long March started in October 1934.⑤ 表示只有一人担任的职务、头衔的名词前，不用冠词。
We have elected him our monitor.⑥ 三餐饭的名词前，一般不用冠词。
When do you have lunch? After supper we usually take a walk.⑦ 节假日等名词前，不用冠词。
Children all wear their best clothes on National Day.People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.注意：在eve后有of短语则要加定冠词：
on the eve of National Day on the eve of New Year’s Day ⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名词前，不用冠词。
play basketball play che ⑨ 作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前，不用冠词。
Your help was most timely.This method is most effective.注意：如果有比较范围，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词：
Of all methods, this is the most effective.⑩ 在某些固定词组里，名词前不用冠词。
on foot
by train/ boat / plane…
in fact
as a matter of fact in cla
in church
in danger
in hospital
in town in bed
at home
at school
at daybreak
at sunrise
at dusk
at sunset
at night
at noon
go to school go to cla
go to bed
from morning till night
from victory to victory
from door to door
五、注意事项
① 当man作人类讲时，用零冠词。Man will conquer nature.② 某些抽象名词具体化时是可数名词，其前可加a。surprise, fire, joy,He is a succe as a teacher.Long Jing is a famous tea in China.③ a用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。
A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.④ 在某些句型中可加a
It is a pity that you have mied the chance.It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb.to do sth.⑤ word 作消息讲时，用零冠词。Word came that he would go abroad
Grammar: 主谓一致
1.语法主谓一致
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式：主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。2.意义上一致
(1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, audience等。(2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数或不可数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单(不可数)的词有：news, maths, physics等。3.就近原则
谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语，如there be句型或用连词either...or...，neither...nor...,not only...but also等。
4.要注意的几个问题。
(1)cla, family, team, country, school等集合名词作主语时，如果指整体，用单数；如果指每个成员，用复数。
如:His family are watching TV in the sitting room.His family is very big.(2)trousers, shoes, glaes, socks, stockings, sciors单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它们与a pair of或pairs of连用时，谓语动词与pair的数保持一致。
如：The pair of glaes fits you well.Several pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men.(3)名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：ours(=Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black, mine(=my shoes)are brown.5.当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语单、复数而定。
如：Mr Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.6.the+adj表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The old are going to be looked after well.7.and连接并列主语、谓语动词通常用复数，但如果指同个人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词无冠词。
如：A speaker and writer is coming tomorrow.(同一个人)A speaker and a writer are coming tomorrow.(两个人)8.Every A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主语时，谓语动词 用单数，其中A、B代表单数名词。9.The number of+...，谓语动词用单数。
A number of+...，谓语动词用复数，相当于a lot of。如：The number of the students in our cla is 50.A number of students are learning Japanese now.10.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 Behind the house are some trees.11.表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.12.几分之几/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主语，谓语动词由后面的n/pron决定。而one of+n/pron作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Two thirds of the bread was eaten.13.名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。
如：The doctor's is on the other side of the street.14.表示“一段时间”“一段距离”“一些钱”的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Six miles is too far for an old man to walk.15.关系代词who, that, which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词一致。如：Those who want to go have signed their names here.16.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词根据说话人所表达的意思决定单复数。如：
Who live next door? It's Zhang and Liu./Who lives next door? It's Liu.【典型例题解析】
例1 The rich ________ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have
解析the + adj.表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，故选A。例2 The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.A.is，four B.are，four C.is，five D.are，five 解析 每四年一次的奥林匹克往往看作复数。故选B。例3 No one but her clamates ______it.A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.are knowing
解析 当主语后跟有but引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按but前面部分的单复数而定。故选B。
例4 解析表示一些钱的名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，故选D。例5 No bird and no beast _______ on the lonely island.A.are seen B.is seen C.see D.sees
解析 No...and no...作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选B。【选讲例题】
例6 Look, here come some _______.A.dog B.horse C.deer D.cow
解析 some后的复数名词只有deer,故选C。
例7 The number of students of this school ______ large.A.are B.have not C.isn't D.aren't 解析 The number of+...，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选C。
于指物，其意为“没有任何东西”：
No one [Nobody] wants to go there.没有人想去那儿。
She said nothing.她什么也没说。
5.用none表示。意为“没有人或物”：
英语中常用的否定词
除否定词not可用于构成否定句外，还有其他一些否定词语可以表示否定：
1.用no表示。其意为“没有”：
We have no children of our own.我们没有自己的孩子。
I’ve got no news from him.我没听到他的消息。【注】no后接名词时也可换成not any：
I have no [not any] friends here.我在这儿没有朋友。
2.用never表示。其意为“从不”：
I have never been there.我从未去过那儿。
That will never do.那决不行。
3.用little, few表示。little用于指不可数名词，few用于指可数名词，均表示“很少”：
There is little time left.没什么时间了。
Few people like snakes.很少有人喜欢蛇。【注】若在其前用不定冠词，则表示肯定意义：
There is a little time left.还有点点时间。
A few people like snakes.有少数人喜欢蛇。
4.用nobody, no one, nothing表示。nobody和no one用于指人，其意为“没有人”；nothing用
None of the pupils knew the answer.学生中谁都不知道答案。
None of this milk can be used.这牛奶一点都不能用了。
6.用neither表示。意为“两者都不”：
I like neither of the books.这两本书我都不喜欢。
Neither of us enjoy getting up early.我们俩谁也不喜欢早起。
7.用seldom表示。意为“很少”：
The children are seldom ill.这些孩子很少生病。
It seldom snows here.这儿很少下雪。
8.用hardly表示。意为“几乎不”：
He hardly ever eats meat.他几乎从不吃肉。
Jim is hardly ever late.吉姆几乎从不迟到。
9.用too„to表示。该结构虽不含否定词，但含有否定含义，意为“太„以致不能„”：
It is too late to do anything now.现在要做什么已为时太晚。
I’m too tired to go any farther.我太累了，走不动了。
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