大一期末考试英语试题8_大一期末英语试题
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Paage 1
The school is a complex social structure, existing in its own right yet surrounded by other groups which to some extent control and influence it.Individuals in a school are subject to a variety of preures both within the school and outside it.What are these influences, and where do they originate?
There are four major elements which produce and receive influences : the teacher, the child, the school itself and the outer community.These four elements will influence and be influenced by each other at many levels in a variety of ways.The teacher, for example, brings into the school all his own habits of mind, attitudes, beliefs, values, ways of doing things and seeing the world which he has inherited from the society in which he was brought up.These factors will influence the children, the school and the community outside.The child brings into the school everything which he has learned in his family--habits, attitudes, beliefs etc.--and the teacher and the school will respond to these.The school itself is a social organization with special requirements of behavior, influenced by the generally accepted values and traditions of education, built up over the years.Both the child and the teacher must adapt themselves to these.The school influences the wider community around it, both by producing the manpower with the skills needed by society, and by shaping the beliefs and attitudes of the young entering society.As for the community, it influences the actual organization of the school through such groups as governors, parent-teacher aociations, administrators etc., and in a le formal way, it is represented by those working in the school, the children, the teachers and servicing staff.With all these factors in mind, it is obvious that schools may differ greatly according to the nature of the community which they serve.Every area has its own geographical, economic and historical character which may be reflected in the school.For example, a school serving a community which is dominated by one major industry may need to organize itself according to the expectations of job opportunities which will be available to the children as they leave to find work.A school in a remote rural area may be slanted in a different direction.Similarly, the presence in the neighborhood of one particular social cla, race or religion may be reflected in the school.1.By saying “the school is a complex social structure, ” the author means that ____ [A] the school is existing in a complex society.[B] the school is organized in much the same way that the society is organized.[C] the school is always controlled by influential individuals.[D] the school is always influenced by the people within and outside it.2.According to the author, the teacher of a school must ____ [A] understand the nature of the outer community.[B] respect the children's habits, attitudes, beliefs, etc.[C] meet the behavioral requirements of the school.[D] acquire the skills needed by the society.3.The school may influence the community around it by ____ [A] helping children from their outlook and their values of life.[B] changing teachers' beliefs and attitudes.[C] organizing parent-teacher aociations.[D] hiring administrators and the servicing staff.4.The community influences the organization of school through ____ [A] administrators and governors.[B] teachers and children.[C] those working in the school.[D] all of the above
5.Which of the following may NOT be reflected in the school? ____ [A] The expectations of job opportunities in the nearby industry.[B] The social gatherings in the neighborhood.[C] The geographical character of the community.[D] The religious belief of the community members.6.It can be inferred from the context that the word slanted in the last sentence but one roughly means ____ [A] improved.[B] organized.[C] built.[D] slided.7.From the paage we may draw the conclusion that ____ [A] the four elements often influence the social structure.[B] the four elements are usually inseparable.[C] the four elements always affect each other.[D] the four elements may be dominated by the major
Paage 2
I'm afraid we have to accept the fact that criminals are getting younger all the time, but unfortunately the offences they commit are becoming proportionately more serious.I only wish we didn't have to admit this but, in doing so, we must first ask ourselves what's wrong with our society that our children apparently couldn't care le about law and order.The days of the sneak thief who stole a couple of apples off a barrel or nicked a packet of sweets from a chain store are virtually over.I had occasion to say this to a young offender the other day.'Sweets from a chain store? ' he said, 'you must be joking.That's kid's stuff.' I may add that he was aged eleven.In other words, today's young criminals would find it laughable to risk being caught for petty theft of this description.They've got enough money in their pockets to buy the sweets they want, anyway.I think we have come to the point where it's all too easy to put the blame on anyone but ourselves.Faced as they are with a society that frequently rejects them on the grounds of color, race or low academic ability, these children turn to crime as a means of boosting their self-esteem.Nurtured on films and TV glamorizing the role of the criminal, they are quick to identify with these anti-heroes.It is a matter of increasing concern to the Police and magistrates that the Children and Young Persons Act, 1969 is becoming inadequate to deal with the rise in juvenile delinquency.Because the emphasis has been placed on the cause and treatment of their delinquency, rather than an old-fashioned methods of punishment, the children themselves are well aware that there is very little that can be done to prevent them continuing to mug, vandalize and in some case even cause the death of those they choose to terrorize.I don't like the look of this situation any more than you do.In our own interests and in those of our children and grandchildren, we cannot continue to take the 'it's nothing to do with me' attitude we have adopted for so long.We must unite in a common demand for harsher and more disciplined methods against these young offenders.8.According to the author, crimes committed by teenagers can be ____.[A] very serious [B] very minor [C] the least serious [D] serious but harmle
9.The article says that children nowadays ____.[A] are unable to learn about law and order [B] have already known too much about law and order [C] hardly care about law and order [D] are greatly concerned about law and order
10.The question 'Sweets from a chain store? ' means whether ____.[A] he wanted some sweets from a chain store [B] he was caught while stealing sweets from a chain store [C] the days of stealing sweets from a chain store were over [D] stealing sweets from a chain store was illegal
11.Today's young criminals wouldn't commit such offences as stealing some fruit because ____.[A] they are afraid of being caught on the spot [B] people will laugh at them [C] they have enough money to buy them [D] it is not worth the risk
12.According to the author, the reason why some youngsters tend to commit crimes is, psychologically speaking, that ____.[A] they are often rejected on the grounds of race, color or education [B] they don't know what they are doing is against the law [C] they think it the only way of showing their self-respect [D] both A and C
13.Young people have seen so much violence and crime on TV and films that they ____.[A] know very well what crime is [B] can tell a criminal from a hero easily [C] have become tired of them [D] would like to have a try themselves
14.In dealing with juvenile delinquency, the author is apparently in favor of ____.[A] severe punishment once used in the past [B] showing great concern about our children [C] more patient methods in reforming young offenders [D] treating every young offenders as our own child Paage 3 Influenza has been with us a long, long time.According to some Greek writers, the outbreak of 412 B.C.was of influenza.The same has been suggested of the sickne that swept through the Greek army attacking Syracuse in 395 B.C.Flu is a disease that moves most quickly among people living in crowded conditions, hence it is likely to attack armies.During the nineteenth century there were five widespread outbreaks of influenza.Like the present outbreaks, it started in Asia.For more than forty years before that outbreak, influenza had steadily decreased and was believed to be dying out.But in 1889-90 a new series of outbreaks started and for the next quarter of a century flu remained a constant threat.In April 1918 flu broke out among American troops stationed in France.It quickly spread through all the armies but caused relatively few deaths.Four months later, however, a second outbreak started which killed not only the old and already sick but also healthy young adults.It went through every country in the world, brought the life of whole countries to a stop.Before the outbreak ended, it had killed at least 15 million people.The 1918 outbreak was never controlled.It simply burned itself out after taking a great number of human lives.Before man could have done much to leen the effect of such an outbreak he would have had to find the influenza virus so that vaccine could be developed.It would also help to have an international reporting system so that countries threatened with the disease could prepare to defend themselves.The first big advance was made in 1933, when a team of British doctors found the type A influenza virus.In 1940 a doctor of the United States found type B.Later type C was found, along with many sub-groups of type A and B.Vaccines were prepared and used widely by the armies during the Second World War to prevent outbreaks.The flu virus proved trickier than most.A vaccine good against one type gave no protection against another.Indeed type A virus changes its nature so quickly that a perfectly good vaccine may lose its value because of the change.This increases the need for speedy discovery of flu outbreaks, so that stocks of the right vaccine can be prepared quickly after an outbreak.Starting such a warning system was one of the first things done by the World Health Organization.15.Influenza has been known ____.[A] for about 395 years [B] since before the time of Christ [C] for about a thousand years [D] for about 412 years
16.Flu spreads most quickly ____.[A] in cold weather [B] among people living close together [C] in dirty quarters of a city [D] among Asians
17.For a time during the last century it was believed that influenza ____.[A] could be cured easily [B] would kill everybody [C] was not to break out again [D] would remain a constant threat
18.The flu outbreak of 1918 was so serious that it killed ____.[A] one million people [B] several million people [C] fifteen million people [D] seven million people
19.One reason that the flu outbreak of 1918 could not be controlled was that ____.[A] the virus could not be found and vaccine developed [B] people would not follow the doctors' advice [C] doctors were not interested in it at first [D] it was caught by mostly old and sick people
20.An important way of protecting people from flu during the 1918 outbreak would have been ____.[A] a good international reporting system [B] a warmer climate [C] a better medical insurance system [D] a group of better trained doctors
21.Flu vaccines are different from other vaccines in that ____.[A] they are widely used by armies [B] they were first developed by army doctors [C] they are good for only one type of the disease [D] they change their nature quickly
22.Influenza is a disease which can be best dealt with by ____.[A] military organizations [B] worldwide health organizations [C] national medical organizations [D] regional health organizations
23.If you had to give flu a nickname, you might choose ____.[A] Old Man Sickne [B] Cold Weather Trouble [C] Soldier Sickne [D] Asian Sickne [总题数:23;总分数:46分;总参考时间:46分0秒]
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