大一期末考试英语试题7_大一期末英语试题
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07
Paage 1
Humans are social animals.They live in groups all over the world.As these groups of people live apart from other groups, over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas, which form unique cultures.One important aspect of every culture is how its people deal with time.Time is not very important in nonindustrial societies.The Nuer people of East Africa, for example, do not even have a word time that corresponds to the abstract thing we call time.The daily lives of the people of such nonindustrial societies tend to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule based on the clock.They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down.They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe.They measure time not by a clock or calendar, but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other event.Frequently such a society measures days in terms of “sleeps” or longer periods in terms of “moons.” Some cultures, such as the Eskimos of Greenland, measure seasons according to the migration of certain animals.Some preliterate cultures have developed interesting ways of “ telling time.” For instance, when several Australian aborigines want to plan an event for a future time, one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree.Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly.In a few days, the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way.When this happens, the people see that the agreed-upon time has arrived and the event can take place.In contrast, accurate measurement of time is very important in modern, industrialized societies.This is because industrialized societies require the cooperative efforts of many people in order to function.For a factory to work efficiently, for example, all of the workers must work at the same time.Therefore, they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in the afternoon.Paengers must know the exact time an airplane will arrive or depart.Students and teachers need to know when a cla starts and ends.Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers.Complicated societies need clocks and calendars.Thus, we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly function at all.1.By saying “Humans are social animals”, the author means ____ [A] they live all over the world.[C] they live in communities.[B] they are different from other animals.[D] they are divided into many groups.2.Time is not very important in nonindustrial societies.This is because people in those societies ____ [A] don't have the word “time” in their languages.[B] don't get accustomed to using clocks and other timepieces.[C] don't measure time in their daily lives.[D] don't need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule.3.From this paage, we can infer that the Eskimos of Greenland most probably ____ [A] plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe.[B] pattern their daily lives around physical needs and natural events.[C] measure time according to certain animals.[D] measure days in terms of “sleeps” and “moon.” 4.The Australian aborigines' way of “telling time” is based on ____ [A] the change of the sun rays.[C] the position of the stone.[B] the movement of the earth.[D] the position of the tree or the cliff.5.In the last paragraph, the author considers accurate measurement of time very important mainly in the sense of ____ [A] modern transportation..[C] school education.[B] factory production [D] social cooperation 6.Which of the following is NOT true? ____ [A] In modern societies people often have to follow a common time schedule.[B] Human beings have different cultures.[C] Both the Eskimos of Greenland and the Australian aborigines are living in undeveloped countries.[D] The Nuer people of East Africa may have difficulty understanding the abstract word “time.7.Which of the following might be the best title for this paage? ____ [A] Time and Culture
[B] The Measurement of Time [C] Time Schedule and Daily Life [D] Clock, Calendar and Society Paage 2
In October 1949 the United Nations brought a number of specialists on food to Geneva, to discu the problems of eating habits and food supplies of peoples throughout the world.One problem that interested the specialists particularly was a form of illne, about which little was known, among the children in Africa and Latin America.The World Health Organization(WHO)planned to study this disease to determine the relationship between the eating habits of the people and the disease.Two doctors were chosen to make the study.They flew to Africa south of the Sahara and during the next two months visited ten countries.They found that serious diseases of poor eating, often mistaken for other diseases, existed in all parts of Africa.The diseases were similar and could therefore all be named kwashiorkor.The diseased children are usually from one to four years old.As the illne progrees, the child's stomach becomes swollen by liquid collecting in the body.The skin changes color and may break out in open sores.The hair changes color and starts to fall out.The patient loses all interest in his surroundings and even in food, and becomes so weak that he wants to lie down all the time.Stomach liquids are no longer produced.The doctors reasoned that kwashiorkor was found in the young children of this age in many parts of Africa because of lack of milk or meat.Their mothers, after stopping their breast-feeding, gave them foods full of starches instead of greatly needed proteins.They found that the addition of milk to the food of children suffering from kwashiorkor saved many lives.The unbelievable thing about kwashiorkor is that the very existence of the disease---which has been killing thousands of children for centuries---was not even recognized in Latin America as recently as ten years ago.The deaths of those children were mistakenly listed as due to other diseases.It was the WHO's work in Africa that led to the discovery of the problem in Central America.8.From the paage we learn that kwashiorkor is a disease caused by ____.[A] poor living conditions [C] breast-feeding
9.Where was the study of this disease carried out?____ [A] The Sahara.[B] Central America.[C] Latin America.[D] Africa.10.It is difficult to discover kwashiorkor because ____.[A] it has no symptoms at all [B] it is hard to identify signs of it [C] it doesn't last long enough for careful observation [D] it is hardly distinguishable from other diseases
[B] lack of proteins in food
[D] lack of food 11.A main symptom of this disease is that children who have it ____.[A] cannot stop liquid produce in the stomach [B] have a big stomach [C] can never satisfy their hunger [D] are not able to sit or lie down 12.What is mentioned as a simple but efficient way of curing this disease?____ [A] Taking a special medicine.[B] Avoiding any food containing starch.[C] Having more meat or milk.[D] Taking medicines full of proteins.13.The disease has been known in the Latin America ____ [A] for ten years [B] only recently [C] for dozens of years [D] before the discovery in Africa 14.What's the best title for the article? ____ [A] Milk and Meat Are Daily Neceities [B] Kwashiorkor and Bad Eating Habits [C] A New Form of Illne in Africa and Latin America [D] A Case of Eating Habits Paage 3
It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby.The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing.Careful American studies have disclosed the fact that 80 per cent of mothers cradle their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies.If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedne in the population.By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations.But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case.True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females, but not enough to provide an adequate explanation.It emerges that 83 per cent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but then so do 78 per cent of left-handed mothers.In other words, only 22 per cent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions.Clearly there must be some other, le obvious explanation.The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the left side of the mother's body.Could it be that the sound of her heart-beat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixated(”imprinted“)on the sound of the heart beat.If this is so, then the rediscovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frighteningly new world outside.If this is so then the mother, either instinctively or by an unconscious series of trials and errors, would soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart, than on the right.15.Which of the following best summarizes the relation between the two paragraphs of the paage?____ [A] Cause and Effect.[B] Problem and Research.[C] Observation and Explanation.[D] Summary and Details.16.The first paragraph mainly talks about ____.[A] the correct ways to hold a baby [B] the position in which most mothers hold their babies [C] the significant difference between right-handed and left-handed mothers [D] the predominance of right-handedne in the population 17.Which of the following statements is NOT true? ____ [A] The predominance of right-handedne could not fully explain why most mothers hold their babies on the left side [B] Most mothers love to fondle, cuddle and clean their babies.[C] There is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed mothers in the way of holding their babies.[D] Most mothers hold their babies on the left side in order to keep their dominant right arm free to do other things.18.The word ”emerges“ in the first paragraph can best be replaced by ____.[A] turns out [B] looks like [C] shows [D] seems 19.The word ”it“ in ”especially as it has just been..." of the second paragraph refers to ____.[A] the infant [B] the mother's body [C] the sound of the mother's heart-beat [D] the rediscovery of the familiar sound 20.We can learn from the paage that ____.[A] most left-handed mothers hold their babies on the right side [B] only right-handed mothers prefer to hold their babies on the right side [C] the sound of the mother's heart-beat might have a calming effect on the baby [D] it is after birth that the baby begins to get used to the sound of the mother's heart-beat 21.The paage is most probably written for ____.[A] young children [B] the common reader [C] doctors and nurses [D] scientific researchers [总题数:21;总分数:42分;总参考时间:42分0秒]
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