名词性从句涉及较为复杂的句式结构_定语从句句型结构
名词性从句涉及较为复杂的句式结构由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“定语从句句型结构”。
名词性从句涉及较为复杂的句式结构，是高中英语的一个重点语法，也是历年高考的高频考点。通过对近年高考题的分析，2012年高考应着重注意：
1、名词性从句引导词的区别；
2、that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别；
3、某些固定搭配及句型在名词性从句中的用法。
【重难点突破】 【概述】名词在句中一般作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。能象一个名词一样在句中充当这些成分的从句就叫名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。常用的连接词有：
连接词 作用
whether 是否that(本身无词义)只起连接词作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分 who, whom, whose
which 哪一个 what 什么，所…的 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语
when什么时候，where什么地方 how怎样、怎么，why为什么 除了起连接词作用外，还在从句中作状语
疑问词（who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how）可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句。它们的特点是：
1、疑问词有本身的词义；
2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语或状语；
3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。下面我们再分别讲述主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。
一、主语从句
1．that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。（that 引导宾语从句时可以省略。）
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的头发正在变白，这使她很不安。that引导主语从句，it 作形式主语，that 不能省略。
That she is a rich woman is known to us all.众所周知，她是个富有的女人。
这是that 引导主语从句，that 不能省略。这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型。请同学们改写：It is known to us all that she is a rich woman.）
We didn’t know(that)you had sold your house.我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了。这是that引导宾语从句，that 可以省略。注意这句话的时态。2．从句作主语时，多数情况下由 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面，尤其是谓语部分（包括宾语）较短的情况下。
It wasn’t very clear what she meant.不清楚她是什么意思。
It is important that he should come on time.他按时来是很重要的。
It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here.左边那个人是本地的一位著名作家，这是真的。
这里，第一个that 引导主语从句，是单纯的连词，无词义，不作句子成分。第二个that 是指示代词，作句子成分，是man 的定语。
3．whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句，但if不能引导主语从句。whether 后面可以加or not, 而if 不能与or not 连用。作介词宾语时不用if.如：
Whether I knew John doesn’t matter.= It doesn’t matter whether I knew John.我是否认识约翰没有关系。
Whether or not she’ll come isn’t clear.= Whether she’ll come or not isn’t clear.= It isn’t clear whether ….她是否来还不清楚。It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation.这是主语从句还是宾语从句？it 是形式主语吗？it 是代词，whether 引导的是宾语从句，作介词on 的宾语，不能用if引导。请翻译这句话。这完全取决于我们是否能得到他们的合作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.宾语从句，介词宾语，不能用if 引导。
She asked me whether/if you were married.宾语从句，既可以用whether, 又可以用if 引导。注意时态的对应。
It remains to be seen whether the ex-president will be sentenced to death.真可惜，王教授不能出席我们的英语晚会。
It is a pity that Prof.Wang can’t attend our English Evening.我们需要的是更多的时间。
二、宾语从句在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句。
1．that 引导的宾语从句: that 没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略
Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him.听说儿子受了重伤，他急忙赶到医院去看望他。
I suggested that we should go home.我建议我们回家去。虚拟语气，that 一般不能省略。2．whether/if(是否)引导的宾语从句：如果要突出―究竟是…还是不…‖，常在whether 后面加or not;if 一般不与or not连用。如：
He asked me if/whether I knew John.他问我是否认识约翰。
Let me know whether you can come or not.你能来还是不能来，告诉我一声。
3．在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词的宾语从句中，否定不用在从句中，而是将think 等词变为否定形式。
I don’t think the film is interesting.我觉得这部电影没什么意思。
I don’t suppose we are going outing tomorrow.我认为我们明天不会出去郊游。
4．如果从句作宾语而后面还有补语，为了保持句子的平衡，用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放在句尾。常跟这样的复合宾语的动词有：make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider, regard, take….for granted等。
George made it clear that he opposed this project.乔治已明确表示他反对这个项目。it 代表that 引导的句子，作宾语，clear 是宾语补足语。
They kept it quiet that he was dead.对他已经死亡的消息，他们秘而不宣。
I took it for granted that you’d stay with us.我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起。
三、同位语从句
同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有是也用when, where 等疑问词。
People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe.人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。
The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money.困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实。They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了。
注意：同位语从句的that 只是引导词，没有其他语法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略；而定语从句中的that 除了引导定语从句外，还是定语从句的一个成分，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense.他在会议上提出的这个想法简直荒谬。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（定语从句）No one is happy with the fact that he found out.没有人对他发现的事实感到高兴。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（定语从句）No one is happy with the fact that he will become their bo.没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（同位语从句）
四、表语从句
表语从句位于主句的连系动词之后，在非正式文体中引导词that可以省略。All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it.我能说的就是我与此事没有关系。
What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us.我想知道的是我们要去什么地方以及她是否加入我们。
此外，表语从句还可由as if（好像）引导。It looked as if it was/were going to rain.（虚拟语气）
The question is whether the God really exists.我想知道的是，他是如何在这么短的时间内完成这个项目的。
What I want to know is how he managed to complete the project in such a short time.（2011•北京卷）22． Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happine． A．Which B．What C． That D．Whom 答案【B】考查名词性从句。Offer sth to sb，offers后无宾语所以选择B。
（2011•陕西卷）15．I’d like to start my own busine –that’s I’d do if I had the money．
A．why B．when C．which D．what 答案【D】考查名词性从句。表语从句中do后缺少宾语所以选择D。
（10江苏）35.—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.—That’s ____ I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what 答案【A】考查名词性从句、。这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where.用表语从句.【真题练习】
（09安徽）1.a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A.It has B.They have C.It remains D.There remains 【答案】D（09湖南）2．She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whoever 【答案】C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。
（09江西）3.The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B.which C.tha t D.though 【答案】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。
（09海南）4.Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please? A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever 【答案】C whoever既作了 to 的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please?的主语。―whoever‖作代词，／any person who／the person who／―任何人‖、―无论谁‖、―……的人‖。（09陕西）5.The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A.who B.whomever
C.no matter who D.whoever 【答案】D 此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D（09海南）6.One of the most important questions they had to co nsider was of public health A.what B.this C.that D.which 【答案】C 句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于―that＋名词‖，它 也只能代替事情不能代替人。（09上海）7.As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A.what B.which C.that D.how 【答案】B（09四川）8.News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A.which B.what C.that D.where 【答案】C 在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。
（09天津）9.It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that 【答案】D（09浙江）10．－Is there any poibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport? －No problem.A.When B.that C.whether D.what 【答案】B（09重庆）11 We should consider the students’ request ___ the school library provide more books on popular science.A.that B.when C.which D.where 【答案】A（09江苏）12.Many young people in the West are expected to leave __ could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what 【答案】D（09山东）13.The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother.A.where B.what C.how D.who 【答案】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。（10福建）35.We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have here and treat food nicely.A.that B.which C.what D.whether 35.答案：C 考点：宾语从句 解析：空格在句中充当宾语
（10湖南）35.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why 35.答案D 考点：考查名词性从句。
解析：该空引导宾语从句，根据句意―办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气‖可判断选D项。（10天津）14.As a new graduate, he doesn’ t know it takes to start a busine here.A.how B.what C.When D.which 答案： B.考点：考查名词性从句。
句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。
解析：空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。
主语从句 北京）（33.some people regard as a drawbac k is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How 33.答案：B 考点: 本题考查主语从句。
句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。
解析：从句中缺宾语，只能用B.what来引导.C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。（10浙江）—How about camping this weekend, just for a change? —OK, you want.A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whoever 答案：C 考点：本题考查引导词。
解析：句意：―这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？‖―好啊，按你的意思吧！‖根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。
9．It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.A．that B．what C．how D．whether
答案：B 考点：本题考查主语从句的引导词。解析：根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是―副作用‖，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about ______ side effect。故选择what，形容词―什么样的‖，起修饰作用。
（10上海）36.One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy acce to places like shops and restaurants.A.that B.how C.what D.why 答案：A 考点：此处考查的是表语从句。
解析：考察that引导表语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。（10湖北）74.The news ________（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)74.答案：that the housing price will fall 考点：同位语从句
解析：用 ―that‖ 引导同位语从句，―房价‖译成 ―housing price‖。
（10山东）26.Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.A.why B.what C.how D.which 答案:B 考点：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。
解析：句意应为―在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。‖分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。
（10上海）37.When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know.A.he is entering which lane B.which lane he is entering C.is he entering which lane D.which lane is he entering 答案：B 考点：本题考查宾语从句。
解析：which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。（10四川）14．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relatives
A．what B．who C．how D．why 答案：B 考点：考查介词后的宾语从句。
解析：根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意为―一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。‖
（10全国Ⅰ）33.We haven’t discued yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.A.that B.which C.what D.where 33题 答案：D 句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。
解答：根据选项此题考察从句。题干中空格划在动词discu的后面，因此考察宾语从句，根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。（10湖北）31.I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.A.who B.where C.what D.how 31.答案：C 考点: 宾语从句
解析：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。（10全国Ⅱ）10.—Have you finished the book?---No,I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.hat D.where 【答案】D 【解析】考查宾语从句。Up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句从句；而句意是―读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方‖，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。（10江苏）35.—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.—That’s_______I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what 选A.这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where.用表语从句.（10北京）32.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A.what B.that C.why D.whether 32.答案：B 考点:本题考查表语从句。
解析：从句不缺成分，因此 用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。
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