八年英语精品教学案_八年级英语下册教学案
八年英语精品教学案由刀豆文库小编整理,希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便,猜你可能喜欢“八年级英语下册教学案”。
第 2课时(教材P2)
【预习向导】
1.预习语法不定代词(教材P112-113)2.预习P2页的词汇和2d对话
【课时目标】
1.学习不定代词和P2页的词汇
2.能够听懂和理解有关度假旅行经历的语言材料,完成2a,2b.3.能够就有关度假旅行经历话题进行口语交际,完成2c,2d。【语法驿站】
一、不定代词概说
不指名替代任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词大都可以替代名词和形容词。
英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no,(a)few,(a)little, both, enough, every 等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。
二、指两者和三者的不定代词
有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),注意不要弄混:
Both of my parents are doctors.我的父母都是医生。
All of the students are interested in it.所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
There are trees on any side of the square.广场的每一边都种有树。
He has two sons, neither of whom is rich.他有两个儿子,都不富有。
He has three sons, none of whom is rich.他有三个儿子,都不富有。
【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而 every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用 each,不能用 every。如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road.三、复合不定代词的用法特点
复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点:
1.复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面:
There is nothing wrong with the radio.这收音机没有毛病。
Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗?
2.指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their:
Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗?
If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait.要是有人来,让他等着。
3.指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用 it,而不用 they:
Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了,是吗?
4.不定代词 anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one(分开写):
any one of the boys(books)孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every one of the students(schools)每一个学生(一所学校)
四、不定代词any与not连用——是any not 还是 not any
按英语习惯,any 以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时,它只能出现在否定词之后,而不能在否定词之前:
误:Any one doesn’t know how to do it.正:No one knows how to do it.任何人都不知道如何做它。
误:Anybody [Anyone] cannot do it.正:Nobody [No one] can do it.这事谁也干不了。
误:Anything cannot prevent me from going.正:Nothing can prevent me from going.什么也不能阻挡我去。
五、不定代词与部分否定
不定代词all, both, every 等与 not 连用时构成部分否定;若要表示完全否定,则需换用 none, neither, no one等。比较:
All of the students like the novel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
Not all of the students like the novel.并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
All of the students don’t like the novel.并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
None of the students like the novel.这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。
六、不定代词 all, both, each 等用作同位语
不定代词all, both, each 等若用作主语同位语,主语可以是名词或代词;若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语,则宾语等成分必须是人称代词,而不能是名词:
We have all read it.我们都读过他。(all 修饰的主语是代词)
The villages have all been destroyed.村庄都被毁了。(all 修饰的主语是名词)
They told us all to wait there.他叫我们都在那儿等。(all 修饰的宾语是代词)
但不能说:They told the men all to wait there.(all 修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)
七、不定代词 some 与 any 的用法区别
一般说来,不定代词 some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any:
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗?
Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢?
Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗?
【说明】不定代词 any 有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”:
Any color will do.任何颜色都行。
Come any day you like.随便哪天来都可以。
八、不定代词 many 与 much 的用法区别
不定代词 many 和 much 都表示“许多”,但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数),与 few(少数)相对;而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数),与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中:
Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?
We don’t have much time.我们没有许多时间。
在肯定句中,一般用 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等代之。但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中;另外,若用作主语或主语的定语,或其前有 how, too, as, so, a good, a great 等修饰,也可用于肯定句中:
Many of us left early.我们有许多人离开得很早。
Much work has been done.许多工作都已经做了。
You’ve given me too much.你已给我太多了。
Take as many(much)as you want.你要多少拿多少。
I asked her a great many questions.我问了她许多问题。
九、不定代词 few, a few 与 little, a little的用法区别
1.不定代词 few 和 a few 后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义:
It is very difficult, and few people understand it.它很难,没有几个人能懂。
It is very difficult, but a few people understand it.他虽难,但是有些人懂。
2.little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似:
Unfortunately, I had little money on me.很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。
Fortunately, I had a little money on me.幸好我身上带着一点钱。
注:anywhere用法详解
1.用作副词,用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,用以代替 somewhere, 意为“在(往)什么地方”、“在(往)任何地方”。如:
I cannot find it anywhere.我在什么地方都没找到它。
Are you going anywhere tonight? 今晚你要去什么地方吗? If you go anywhere, take me with you.你要是去什么地方,带我一起去。He rarely went anywhere except to his office.他除了去办公室,很少去任何地方。若是要肯定地说某个地方,应用somewhere。如:
I think I saw it somewhere.我想我在什么地方见过它。
If he is not here, he is about somewhere.如果他不在这里,他就在附近什么地方。
Come and see me tomorrow.We'll go out somewhere.明天来找我,我们出去到什么地方。
2.用于肯定句,意为“在任何地方”。如: Sit anywhere.随便坐。
Just put it down anywhere.就把它随便放个地方。
I’ll take you anywhere you like.我可以带你到任何你爱去的地方。3.everywhere所有地方, nowhere没有地方,哪里都不
[初二] 不定代词、副词专练场
根据句意,选用适当的复合不定代词、副词填空。(something, anything, nothing, everything, anybody, everybody, somebody, nobody, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere,nowhere)1.A: Is _________ here today? B: Yes, we're all here._________ is away.2.A: Is there _________ in the red box? B: No, there is _________ in it.3.There is _________ wrong with my bike.It doesn't work.4.Jim!_________ is waiting for you at the school gate.5.In spring, _________ begins to grow.6.There is _________ knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.7.The maths exam was very difficult.I don't think _________ could pa it.8.I can't find my pen.I think _________ took it.9._________ is in the room, are they? 10.Does _________ live on that hill? 11.There's _________ new and important in today's newspaper.12.—Who is in the claroom? —It's empty._________ is in it.13.Maybe _________ put my pen _________.I find it _________ , but I can't find it _________.14.We didn't go _________ else yesterday.They went _________ else, either.15.Would you like _________ to drink? 16.We tried _________ , but _________ worked.参考答案:1.everybody, Nobody 2.anything, nothing 3.something 4.Somebody 5.everything 6.somebody 7.anybody 8.somebody 9.Nobody 10.anybody 11.something / nothing 12.Nobody 13.somebody, somewhere, everywhere, anywhere 14.anywhere, nowhere 15.something 16.everything, nothing 【预习检测】 写出下列单词或词组
1.任何人__________
2.在任何地方_________ 3.精彩的;绝妙的;____________4不多;很少____________ 5最多;大多数_________________6.某事;某物_____________ 7.没有什么;没有一件东西________ 8.每人;人人;所有人__________ 9.某人_____________________
10.相当多;不少______________ 【复习导入】
和同伴表演一段谈论度假旅行的经历的对话
【听力训练】
几位朋友正在谈论度假旅行的经历,听录音,完成2a,2b的任务。朗读2a,2b的语言材料,学习并练习表演各段对话,完成2c。【口语训练】
1.听2d录音,整体感知对话内容。
2.同学回答老师就对话内容的相关提问。3.学习对话,然后练习速读,背诵及表演。
【知识点精讲】
1.Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗? buy 及物动词“ 买,购买” 过去式bought buy sb.sth.= buy sth.for sb.“给某人买某物” anything 不定代词,“某事,某件东西”主要用于否定句和疑问句中
“任何事,任何东西”时,用于肯定句中
You can ask me anything you want to know.你可以问我你想知道的任何事情。anything special “特别的东西”,形容词修饰不定代词时应后置(见教材P82)2.Long time no see.好久不见。(问候语)
3.I was on vacation last month.我上个月去度假了。
be on vacation 在度假,系表结构,表示状态。
go on vacation 去度假,动词短语作谓语,表示动作。
4.Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? 哦,你去什么有趣的地方了吗?
anywhere “在任何地方,什么地方”,常用于否定句或疑问句中或条件从句中,在肯定句中用somewhere “某处,某个地方”
anywhere interesting “有趣的地方” 形容词修饰anywhere时应后置 4.It was wonderful!它太美了!
wonderful 形容词“极好的,精彩的,绝妙的” 关联记忆: wonder(n.奇观)+ful= wonderful adj.wonderful+ly=wonderfully
adv.wonder v.疑惑,想知道
5.We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了好多照片。quite a few 是一个整体结构,表示“相当多”,修饰可数名词复数。(见教材P82)6.I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.我大部分时间只是呆在家里读书、休息。most of the time “大部分时间”
most 为代词“大部分,大多数,大体上”
most of +限定词+名词,most of+代词 “……中的大多数”,作主语时,谓语动词取决于most of所修饰的名词
Most of us are going to the park.我们大多数人要去公园。Most of the food goes bad.大部分的食物变质了。
most 为形容词“大部分的,大多数的” 修饰名词
Most cheese is made from cow’s milk.奶酪大都是用牛奶做的。Most people work from nine to five.大多数人从9点工作到5点。
most用作副词时,常置于两个音节以上的形容词或副词之前,并与其一起构成该词的最高级形式。例如:
Which leon is the most difficult in this book? 这本书里哪一课最难?
7.Everything tasted really good.Homework: 1.背诵表演P2 对话(2d)2.背诵P3语法聚焦的句子 3.预习P3内容
初二英语教学工作总结(第二学期)本学期我继续担任8、3/8、4班的英语教学工作。现总结如下:本班的基本情况是:1.学习风气不浓,基础知识比较扎实,但学习英语的积极性普遍不是很高2......
班 主 任 工 作 之 我 见----浅谈班主任班级管理的几点教育智慧五化中学 曹相平班主任工作贵在育心,育心贵在感应,贵在共鸣。没有学生的感应和共鸣,我们的班主任工作就是一个失......
Unit 8 of Grade 7 1.Wind(n.)____________(adj.)多风的2.cloud(n.)___________(adj.)多云的,阴天的3.sun (n.) ___________(adj.) 晴朗的,阳光充足的4.Germany(n.)_________(......
Unit 6 I`m going to study computer science.Section A(1a—2c) 教学案八年级英语备课组 主备人:钟伟【教学目标】1.学会朗读并背诵P41-42单词。2.初步掌握 be going to 表示......
在忙碌的生活中,制定计划可以让我们更好地有序安排时间,提高生活质量。第四步,考虑可行性和实际性。制定计划时,要考虑自身的能力和资源情况,确保计划可以顺利实施。以下是一些计......
