口译_专业口译
口译由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“专业口译”。
即席口译“三秘诀” •
扔、切、补
扔：放弃重复、别扭的元素 •
切：断句、切在主动词引导的主句 •
补：介词短语、或从句连接 口译的头号秘诀（扔）
我谨代表….感谢英方的盛情邀请和精心安排。•
Thank for invitation & arrangement 形容词省略
立足于促进、提高国内市场需要，是保证中国经济持续、快速、健康发展的关键。加入WTO以后，中国将更严格地遵循国际通行的市场规则。
Promoting domestic demand is a key to sustained and healthy development.Since acceion to WTO, China will make its own practice in line with international market 动词省略
中国还要大规模开展基础设施的建设，改造和提升工业企业的装备水平，还要提高农业的生产和加工能力。
China need large-scale infrastructure and upgrade its industrial equipment as well as agricultural production and proceing 名词省略
万能词的使用“归零”…
提升、推动、促进、改进、改善、加强、完善…=promote •
多，杂，无数=plenty of…或numerous •
展示，显示，表明，传达，反应…=show •
有利, 对…有好处…=do good to../benefit •
有害，威胁，带来问题=lead to problem •
开始，发起，进行=start 切：一刀两断
中华人民共和国成立后，中国人民自力更生、改革开放、与时俱进，在社会主义建设中取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。•
Since 1940, Chinese people have made remarkable achievement through self-reliance, reform & open-up, going with the times.切完·再补
当前，中国人民坚定不移地抓住发展这个第一要务，正满怀信心地为全面建设小康社会、实现现代化而团结奋斗。•
Chinese people are making joint efforts to build a well-off society and modernization in full confidence with the focus on development, which is the primary task of the country.组合和断句(高口真题)
20国集团各成员应该在平等互利、求同存异、灵活务实的基础上开展对话，加强同其他国际和区域经济机构的交流合作，以增进互信、扩大共识、协调行动，在健全国际经济贸易体制和规则、完善国际经济金融体系、加强南北对话和合作、促进全球减贫和发展等方面，发挥更大、更积极的实质性作用。
G20 members should conduct dialogue, promote exchange ＆cooperation with international & regional organizations, to promote mutual trust, consensus, coordination on the basis of equality &mutual benefits, seeking common ground while putting aside differences, flexibility & pragmatism.•
They should also play a effective role in promoting international economic & trade regime, financial system, coop between south & north, global poverty reduction & development E-C 英译汉
听的重点是“意思”, 而不是“每个单词”。•
注意语言的逻辑性，在听的过程中提炼structure Paage 1:
中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。还在遥远的古代，我们的先人就已提出“民为贵”的思想，认为“天生万物，唯人为贵”，社会的发展和进步，取决于人的发展和进步，取决于人的尊严的维护和价值的发挥。今天中国所焕发出来的巨大活力，是中国人民拥有广泛自由、民主的生动写照。
中国确保十三亿多人的生存权和发展权，是对世界人权事业的重大贡献。集体人权与个人人权、经济文化权利与公民政治权利紧密结合和协调发展，这适合中国国情，是中国人权事业发展的必然道路。
(参考答案)
The Chinese nation has always respected human dignity and value.Even in the ancient days, our ancestors came up with the idea of “people being the most important,” believe that “man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters.” The progre and development of a society hinge on human progre and development and depend on how well human dignity is maintained and how much human value is realized.The immense vitality displayed by China today is a vivid reflection of the broad freedoms and democtatic rights enjoyed by the Chinese people.Chins has a population of over 1.3 billion, and to ensure our people the rights to subsistence and development is in itself a major contribution to the progre of the world human rights cause.Collective and individual human rights should be considered together and their coordinated development should be pursued, and the same considerations should be given to the development of economic and cultural rights on the one hand and of civil and political rights on the other.This is dictated by China’s specific national conditions and therefore, is the only way to progre in human rights cause in Chins.Paage 2:
On behalf of all the membership of the United Nations, I hereby reaffirm the role of this international organization.When ti was created more than 60 years ago, the United Nations reflected humanity’s greatest hopes for a just and peaceful global community.It still embodies that dream.We remain the only world institution with the legitinacy and scope that derive from global membership, and a mandate that encompaes development, secutiry and human rights as well as the envoronment.I restate that we are an organization without independent military capability, and we dispose of relatively modest resources in the economic realm.Yet our influence and impact on the world is far greater than many believe to be the case, and often more than we ourselves realize.This influence derives not from any exercise of power, but from the force of the values we represent.Among these values are the maintenance of the world order and the establishment of world harmony.（参考答案）
我谨代表联合国所有成员国，在此重申这个国际组织的作用。联合国60多年前成立时，反映了人类建立一个公正和平的国际社会的殷切希望。联合国至尽仍然代表了这个梦想。我们仍然是唯一具有产生于会籍普遍性的合法性和规模，并具有包括发展、安全和人权以及环境在内的使命的全球性机构。
我重申，这是一个没有独立军事能力的组织，在经济领域也只处理相对不多的资源。然而，我们对世界的影响却比许多人所认为的要大得多，而且常常比我们自己所意识到的还要多。这种影响不是产生于权利的行使，而是产生于我们所代表的价值观念的力量。我们的价值观；包括维护国际次序，建立和谐世界。高级口译题：
口语:沿海地区和内陆在发展的差异 Gap between coastal region and innland
a.请举例说明东部/沿海发展优势
b.请举例说明西部/内陆落后情况
c.解决差异的对策口译
Chinse to English
1.大会发言,未来发展,关键句“走得多远取决于我们的梦想”.（难度指数较低）
2.潘基文秘书长在诺贝尔和平奖评价/致辞/感谢.（难度指数较高，需要有背景知识）
English to Chinse
1.中国创造灿烂文明/反对侵略(教程篇章)我在高口口试强化班上最后一天复习过的文章！势如破竹
“近代中国经历了一段积贫积弱、任人宰割的历史。落后就要挨打，这是中国人民从屡遭外来侵略的悲惨经历中得出的刻骨铭心的教训。一个国家只有首先自强，才能在世界上自立。一百多年来，中国人民为实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标进行了不懈努力。
“中华人民共和国成立后，中国人民自力更生、改革开放、与时俱进，在社会主义建设中取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。当前，中国人民坚定不移地抓住发展这个第一要务，正满怀信心地为全面建设小康社会、实现现代化而团结奋斗。”
2.东盟和中国发展（ASEAN）
口语:计划生意/独生子女政策是否应该继续实施？One child policy amendment
a.请阐述实施这一政策的背景
b.在老龄化,农民工短缺的情况下，是否需要改变政策？
c.谈谈你的对策
E-C
1.空气污染 air polution~化学物质chemicals.(记得不算清晰)
补充：车子排放出的气体会造成空气污染，提到了combustible engine。有害的化学物质会散播到空气中，对健康有危险。（这小段没怎么听清楚）
因此我们要采取多种的交通工具。还可以通过氢气等驱动引擎。还可以装一个可转换的装置将气体转换成电力，蒸汽...（当中顺序有点记不清了）
环保型汽车, 关键词:转换过滤器, electricity, steam, hazardous（难度指数较高，需要有背景知识）
2.亚洲在国际上的作用越来越重要。中国成为当中最成功的国家。在过去十年里贸易增长从××%增长到××% 中国的发展对亚洲以及世界都有积极的作用。
C-E
1.中医(教程篇章)我在高口口试强化班上最后一天复习过的文章！势如破竹one more time...教程P291 “中医起源于神农氏时代，战国时期的中医理论著作黄帝内经标志着中国医学独特的理论体系形成。黄帝内经仍被视为知道中医理论的基础。中医名著神农本草集中认为，阴与阳两者制约，互相作用，消长平衡，相互转换。阴阳平衡是健康的要素，阴阳失衡会影响健康，导致疾病，因此，中医十分重视调节阴阳以保平衡。
变体版本也要熟悉：
中医是我国的传统医学，起源于6000年前的神农氏时代。中医学在长期的发展过程中，逐渐形成了一套医学原则和观点。中医认为“万物人为贵”。中医师是通过了解人与自然、以及人体各部位之间的种种关系来诊断病人的疾病。
中医有完整的理论体系和临床治疗方法，除了中草药外还有针灸疗法、按摩推拿和气功疗法。中医以其独特的疗效和科学本质赢得了全世界的广泛赞誉。我们在积极发展中医的同时也鼓励中西医结合诊断和治疗疾病。我相信，我国的中医研究前程似锦。
还提及两本书《黄帝内经》《本草纲目》
2.中小企业的发展, 亚洲在世界经济中的作用.small and medium-sized enterprises
关键句：中小企业的发展很迅速，它们在所有企业中占了99.6%，世界各国和地区也越来越注意中小企业的作用。中小企业融资促进经济发展。(financing 融资)口语：
兰州政府出台把穷人安置在城市中心的政策，此举是否有利于减少贫困现象呢？Commerical residential community
a.穷人安置在城市中心真的能减少贫富差异吗？提供你的评论.works or not? your comment?
b.穷人居住在城市中心会有哪些可能的后果 consequences?
c.你有哪些解决措施？
口译题：
E-C
1.非洲气候问题的演说,关键词/句: Africa climate change(related to financial, scientific & technological sphere...etc), take some measures, lauch program...可见时下的热点都在考试委员会的radar上面。
2.美国教育的改革: American education reform: “leave no children behind”, 这是我在上中级口译课堂上讲过的视频新闻，莫非考试委员会有听过的课。我曾翻译成张艺谋的电影“一个都不能少” plus.Leave no teacher behind, and more high qualified.这曾话题也可以对应我课堂讲过的“奥巴马在佛吉尼亚中学的开学典礼演讲”曾谈过的三方的responsibility.总结：所有的学校的所有孩子都要定期进行教育。
C-E
1.中国文化（考前我在口试强化班重点cover的内容，凡事上过我们强化班的同学都应该比较轻松）关键句：除了中国菜肴意外，美国人对武术、草药、功夫很感兴趣。他们越来越常在对话中提到功夫电影。太极、气功等等。最受欢迎的是道家和神秘的风水学说。我签阵子到加州，看到各种有关古老中国的书籍。美国史哥开放的国家。他们会吸收其他文化的传统并将其融入。
点评： 这次的高口居然选择了《中口教程第三版》讲中华文化的核心课文。看来我们复习高口也不能不看新东方中口教程重点篇章。
2.中国经济，老生常谈！必定拿下的段子
关键句：
在全球经济危机的背景下，中国仍然保持着经济增长并在速度、质量和效益上作到统一。很少有其他国家能保持如此强劲的势头（momentum）.但我们仍然需要清醒的意识到没有国家能永远保持经济增长，中国也不例外(china is no exception).（中间是经济话题的套句）我们要一同简历繁荣稳定和谐的社会。
Supreme People's Court(SPC)最高人民法院 judicial explanation 司法解释
a house registered under one's name 在某人名字下登记的房产
personal property 个人财产
house property ownership certificate 房产证 houses bought on mortgage by one party before the marriage 一方婚前按揭购房
joint estate/common wealth/mutual property 共同财产 mortgage payments 房屋贷款 value appreciation 增值 trial courts 初审法院
custody and alimony disputes 监护和赡养费纠纷 paternity test 亲子鉴定 marriage certificate 结婚证 marriage law 婚姻法 pre-marital property 婚前财产 down payment 首付 marital partner 婚姻伴侣 compensation 补偿金
prenuptial agreement 婚前协议 jointly poeed 共同所有
earnings from production and operation 生产、经营的收益 earnings from intellectual property rights 知识产权的收益 children born out of wedlock 非婚生子女 divorce cost 离婚成本
division of property 财产分割
性相近也，习相远也。
By nature, men are nearly alike;by practice, they get to be wide apart.过而不改，是谓过矣。
Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.己所不欲，勿施于人。
What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.言必信，行必果。
Keep what you say and carry out what you do.君子以文会友，以友辅仁。
The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by their friendship helps his virtue.三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志也。
The commander of the forces of a large State may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.后生可畏，焉知来者之不如今也？
A youth is to be regarded with respect.How do you know that his future will not be equal to our present? 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？
Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? 人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？
Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him? 父在，观其志。父没，观其行。三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。
While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of his will;when his father is dead, look at his conduct.If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.不患人之不己知，患不知人也。
I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me;I will be afflicted that I do not know men.诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。
separate poeion 各自所有 partly joint poeion 部分共同所有 maintenance payments 扶养费
marriage registration office 婚姻登记机关 divorce certificate 离婚证 divorce proceeding 离婚诉讼 divorce settlement 离婚协议书 forges debts 伪造债务 upbringing payment 抚养费 support payment 赡养费 divorce calculator 离婚计算器
In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence--“Having no depraved thoughts.” 关睢乐而不淫，哀而不伤。
The Kwan Tsu is expreive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully exceive.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance.If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes.国民生产总值 GNP(Gro National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 产值 output value 鼓励 give incentive to 投入 input
宏观控制 exercise macro-control
优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 输入活力 bring vigor into
改善经济环境 improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order
有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 非公有成分 non-public sectors 主要成分 dominant sector 实在的 tangible
全体会议 plenary seion
解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces
引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 举措 move
实事求是 seek truth from facts 引进、输入 importation 和平演变 peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go(at sth.)精华、精粹、实质 quinteence
家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业 invigorate enterprises 商品经济 commodity economy 基石 cornerstone 零售 retail
发电量 electric energy production 有色金属 nonferrous metals 人均收入 per capita income 使负担 be saddled with 营业发达的公司 going concerns
被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of busine 善于接受的 receptive 增额、增值、增长 increment 发展过快 exceive growth
抽样调查 data from the sample survey
扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)
实际增长率 actual growth rate
国际收支 international balance of payments 流通制度 circulation system 总工资 total wages
分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds 管理不善 poor management
一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points
以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放
the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principlesand persisting in reform and opening.改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。
Reform is “the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.”
我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。
The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。
The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitat
ion and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。
to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the “Left” deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted “Left” influence.中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。
China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the “Left”deviation.资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。
Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。
As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.各尽所能，按劳/需分配。
from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.经济结构改革 reform in economic structure 剩余劳动力 surplus labor 经营机制 operative mechanism
发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market
经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的制
a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation
取消国家对农产品的统购统销
to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 改革重点转移到城市
the focus of reform is shifted to the cities
国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设
The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。
to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。
The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。
The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people;it is the leading force in the national economy.国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。
The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.农业 farming 林业 forestry
畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing
第一产业 primary industry 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry 生产资料 means of production
生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership
全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 合资企业 joint venture
合作企业 cooperative enterprise
独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 基本框架 basic framework
办学效益 efficiency in school management
协调发展 coordinated and balanced program of development
教育投入 input in education
优化教师队伍 optimize the teaching staff 实行分区规划 practice regional planning 社会参与 communal participation 新增劳动力 incoming labor force 职前教育 pre-service education 岗位培训 undergo job-specific training
提高......的思想品德 enhance the moral awarene of...职业道德 profeional ethics
重点学科 key disciplinary areas or priority fields of study
（大学）专科 Major Types of Education in China short 2-to 3-year higher education programs 扫盲班 literacy cla 注册人数 enrollment 年龄段（层）age bracket 反复灌输 inculcate 希望工程 Project Hope 学龄儿童 school-ager
人才枯竭 exhaustion of human resources 辍/失学青少年 school dropout/leaver 基金会 foundation 服务性行业 service trade
在职培训 on-the-job/in-service training 国际劳工组织 International Labor Organization 基础科学 the fundamentals 学分制 the credit system 三学期制 the trimester system 双学士制 a double BA degree system
主副修制 a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field
教学、科研、生产的“三结合” “3-in-1 combination” involving teaching,research, and production 三结合联合体 tripartite complex
定向招生 students are admitted to be trained for pre-determined employers
包分配 guarantee job aignments 燎原计划 the Prairie Fire Program 示范试点 demonstration pilot project 结合、使加入 incorporate 动员 mobilize 税收 tax revenue
多学科的 multi-disciplinary 重点大学 key university 授予（学士）confer 被授权 be authorized to do
博士后科研流动站 center for post-doctoral studies 专业 speciality
爱国人士 patriotic personage 国家发明奖 National Invention Prize
国家自然科学奖 National Prize for Natural Sciences 国家科技进步奖 National Prize for Progre in Science and Technology
学术报告会，专题讨论会 symposium 记者招待会 pre conference 国家教委主任 Chairman of the State Education Commiion
国家统计局 the State Statistical Bureau
国家教育经费 national expenditure on education 财政拨款 financial allocation
半文盲 semiliterate;functional illiterate 占百分比 account for...% 专任教师 full-time teacher 资料中心 data center
国际文化交流 intercultural communication
教育方针 guideline(s)/guiding principle(s)for education 教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人。
Education must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and succeors who are well developed morally, intellectuall and physically.适应社会主义现代化建设需要，面向二十一世纪，具有中国特色的社会主义教育体系。
a socialist education system with distinct Chinese characteristics that meets the needs of socialist modernization and is oriented to the 21st century 坚持社会主义方向
to keep to the socialist orientation
身体好，学习好，工作好。Keep fit, study hard and work well.德才兼备 to combine ability with character;equal stre on integrity and ability
成为有理想，有道德，有文化，守纪律的劳动者 to become working people with lofty ideals, moral integrity, education and a sense of discipline 教育要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来
Gear education to the needs of modernization, the world and the future
爱国主义教育 education in patriotism 国际主义教育 education in internationalism 集体主义教育 education in collectivism 共产主义教育 education in communism 共产主义道德品质 communist ethics
政治思想教育 political and ideological education 五爱（爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱护公物）
“Five Love”: love the motherland, the people, labor, and science and take good care of public property.教书育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge
培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力
to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently 启发学生独立思考的能力
to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves 培养学生自学能力
to foster the students' ability to study on their own 发挥学生主动性、创造性 to give scope to the students' initiative and creativene
自学成才 to become educated through independent study
启发式 elicitation method(of teaching);heuristic method
填鸭式教学法 cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching
普及教育 universal education
义务教育 compulsory education;free education 学前教育 preschool education 初等教育 elementary education 中等教育 secondary education 高等教育 higher/tertiary education 普遍教育 general education 成人教育 adult education
职业技术教育 vocational and technical education 国家教育委员会 State Education Commiion 高等学校 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科大学 university of liberal arts 文科院校 colleges of art
理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering
师范大学 normal university;teachers' university 师范学院 teachers' college 工业大学 polytechnical university 工业学院 engineering institute 农业大学 agricultural university 农学院 agricultural college 医科大学 medical university 医学院 medical college/school
中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 音乐学院 conservatory of music 美术学院 academy of fine arts 体育学院 physical culture institute 分校 branch school 重点学校 key school 业余学校 spare-time school
业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers 电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university
函授学院 correspondence school
教师进修学校 teachers' college for vocational studies 成人夜校 night school for adults 业余艺术/体育学校 amateur arts/athletic school 半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school 中等专业学校 secondary specialized school;polytechnic school
中等技术学校 secondary technical school;technical secondary school
职业学校 vocational school 附中 attached middle school 在职进修班 in-service training course 进修班 cla for advanced studies 短训班 short-term training course 专修科 special(training)course 自学考试 self-taught examination 教职员 teaching and administrative staff 教学人员 the faculty;teaching staff
中、小学校长headmaster/headmistre;principal 大专院校校长 president;chancellor 教务长 dean of studies
（系）主任 chairman;chairperson 副主任 vice-chairman 教授 profeor
副教授 aociate profeor
客座教授 visiting profeor;guest profeor 讲师 lecturer 助教 aistant
专职教师 full-time teacher 兼职教师 part-time teacher
辅导员 aistant for political and ideological work 教研室/组 teaching and research section/group 教学组 teaching group
教员休息室 staff room;common room 母校 Alma Mater 校友 alumnus;alumna
学生会 students' union/aociation
高年级学生 upper/higher grade pupil/student;pupil/student in senior grades
低年级学生 lower grade pupil/student;pupil/student in junior grades
走读生 day student;non-resident student 住宿生 boarder 旁听生 auditor
研究生 graduate student;post-graduate(student)应届毕业生 graduating student/pupil;this year's graduates
听课 to visit a cla;to sit in on a cla;p to attend a lecture
公开课 open cla 课程 course;curriculum
必修课 required/compulsory course
选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic course 专业课 specialized course 课程表 school timetable
课外活动 extracurricular activities 课外辅导 instruction after cla 课外阅读 outside reading 课堂讨论 cla discuion
（大学的）研究小组；讨论会 seminar 教学大纲 teaching program;syllabus 教学内容 content of courses 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学年 school/academic year 学期(school)term;semester 学分 credit 分数 mark;grade
五分制 the 5-grade marking system 百分制 100-mark system
学习成绩 academic record;school record 成绩单 school report;report card;transcript 毕业论文 thesis;diertation 毕业实习 graduation field work 毕业设计 graduation ceremony
毕业典礼 graduation ceremony;commencement 毕业证书 diploma;graduation certificate 毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal
授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb.升级 to be promoted to a higher grade 留级 to repeat the year's work;to stay down 补考 make-up examination
升学t o go to a school of a higher grade;to enter a higher school
升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade
奖学金 scholarship
（国家）助学金(state)stipend/subsidy 领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student 学费 tuition(fee)伙食费 board expenses 伙食补助 food allowance
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