秋中级口译考试英译汉原题及参考译文_英译汉习题及参考答案
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2011秋中级口译考试英译汉原题及参考译文
原文：
The relative decline of American education at the elementary-and high-school levels has long been a national embarrament as well as a threat to the nation’s future.Once upon a time, American students tested better than any other students in the world.Now, ranked against European schoolchildren, America does about as well as Poland, behind at least 10 other nations.Within the United States, the achievement gap between white students and poor and minority students stubbornly persists.For much of the last half century profeional educators believed that if they could only find the right pedagogy, the right method of instruction, all would be well.Yet in recent years researchers have discovered something that may seem obvious, but for many reasons was overlooked or denied.What really makes a difference, what matters more than the cla size or the textbook, the teaching method or the technology, is the quality of the teacher.Much of the ability to teach is innate— an ability to inspire young minds as well as control unruly clarooms that some people instinctively poe and some people definitely do not.参考译文：
中小学教育水平相对滞后的问题长期以来一直困扰着美国，并且威胁着国家未来的发展。曾几何时，美国学生在考试中总是领先于其他各国的莘莘学子。而如今，在与欧洲国家学子的角逐中，美国只能与波兰平起平座，并远远落后于其余十多个国家。在全美，白人学生与贫困家庭学生以及少数民族学生之间的成就差距始终是国家教育中的顽疾，久治不愈。
过去大半个世纪中，教育专家们纷纷认为，老师一旦掌握正确的教育方法，懂得如何教导学生，一切问题将会迎刃而解。而近几年来，研究学者则发现了另一个因素，它貌似明显却又由于种种原因而受到忽视、遭遇摒弃。能使教育发生实质蜕变的，不是课堂人数，不是教科用书，不是教学方法，不是科学技术，而是教师水准。教学能力很大一部分是天性使然的，这种能力体现在激励每一颗萌动的心灵，这种能力体现在驯服每一位不羁的学子。这种能力，有人与生俱来，而有人望尘莫及。
原文：
越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。
这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。
译文：
An increasing number of Chinese parents overseas with education in English have realized the importance of commanding Chinese as well as that of mastering indispensable English.The rise of China has fully awakened their awarene of the benefits of their kids’ bilingual study, that is, both to increase their chances of employment and to facilitate their contact and familiarity with two different cultures, the Oriental and the Occidental.They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese.At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only.Now, they have begun their positive support of their kids’ study of Chinese and Chinese culture, of their frequent visit of China to admire its magnificent natural scenery and to command its cultural heritage.2010年9月中级口译翻译汉译英原文及考生译文
说起上海老城，总让人与古老传统的东西联系在一起，例如明代的豫园和清代的城隍庙。
上海建成已有700多年历史，但是最具有人文发展历史的时期是开埠以后的150年，例如：华洋杂居、石库门、老字号等等，都发生在开埠后的上海。流传于老城内外的民间文化丰富多彩。著名的“上海老城人物风情画卷”生动地描述了上海老城市民的生活百态。上海老城是历史文明与现代文明的兼容并蓄。无论上海城市发展得如何日新月异，它将记录上海城市发展的历史华章。
学生版译文，参考分数：30分
When talking about the old town of Shanghai, we always aociate it with the ancient and traditional, such as the Yuyuan Garden in the Ming Dynasty and Chenghuangmiao(the City God Temple or the Temple of the City God).Although Shanghai boasts a history of more than 700 years, the most splendid period is the 150 years since its opening up to the outside world.During this period of time, Shanghai was a mixed residential area for both the locals and the foreigners, featured by its unique architectural style.named Shikumen(stone-framed gate)houses and time-honored brands.The folk culture in the old town and beyond is colorful and various.The famous “Scroll of Shanghai Locals” depicted vividly aspects of life in town.The old town of Shanghai is a perfect combination of historical and modern civilization.No matter how fast Shanghai develops, it will still keep a record of its development.2010年9月中级口译翻译英译汉学生高分版
The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership.In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system.The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economy function.The market’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers;hence the “market economy” designation.美国的经济制度主要是私有制经济。在这种体制中，消费者、生产者和政府通过价格体系每天都做出经济决策。正是这三者之间的互动关系才使经济得以运转。而主要动力则来自生产者和消费者之间，因而就有了“市场经济”这个名称。
As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell.Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote the public security, aure fair competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.通常消费者花钱买东西，总想获得最大价值；而生产者则想从所卖出的产品上获得最高的价钱和利润。联邦、州和地方各级政府要做的是增强公众的安全感，确保公平竞争，并提供一系列服务，相信这些服务性事业由公有企业来办要比私人企业来办更好。
Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businees, partnerships and corporations.The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amaing of large sums of money by combing the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares at any time on the open market.Corporations make large-scale enterprises poible.一般来说，有三种类型的企业：个体业主开办的企业，合伙企业和大型企业。前两者都非常重要，但第三种企业最大程度上允许股东等投资者筹集巨额资金，而股东在任何时候都可以在公开市场上买卖他们所有的公司股份。正因为如此，大型企业才得以开办。
2011春季中级口译汉译英、英译汉原文及参考答案
中口英译汉
A majority of the world’s climate scientists have convinced themselves, and also a lot of laymen, some of whom have political power, that the Earth’s climate is changing;that the change, from humanity’s point of view, is for the worse;and that the cause is human activity, in the form.of exceive emiions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.A minority, though, are skeptical.Some think that recent data suggesting the Earth’s average temperature is rising are explained by natural variations in solar radiation, and that this trend may be coming to an end.Others argue that there is no conclusive evidence that modern temperatures are higher than they used to be.we believe that global warming is a serious threat, and that the world needs to take steps to try to avert it.That is the job of the politicians.But we do not believe that climate change is a certainty.There are no certainties in science.Prevailing theories must be constantly tested against evidence, and more evidence collected, and the theories tested again.That is the job of the scientists.参考译文：
世界上大部分气候学家自己确信——而且还使得很多外行人（其中一些是有政治权利的人）相信——地球的气候正在变化。这种变化从人类的观点来看是变得更糟。而引起气候变化的则是人类的活动，其表现形式是温室气体过量排放。
不过，有少数气候学家对此持怀疑态度。有的认为，最近的数据表明地球的平均气温正在上升，但这些数据可以由太阳辐射的自然变化来解释，而且气温上升的趋势可能行将结束。还有一些人认为，现在还没有没有确凿的证据证明现代的气温高于往昔。
我们认为，地球变暖是一个严重的威胁，世界各国都需要采取措施来防止气候变暖。这是政治家们的任务。但是我们并不相信气候变化是确定无疑的。在科学领域没有确定无疑的事情，盛行的理论必须不断进行验证，加以改进，而后收集更多的证据，再对理论进行验证。这是科学家们的工作。
中口汉译英
豫园是上海著名的古典园林，已有400多年的历史。花园设计独特，具有明清两代南方的建筑艺术的风格。园内共有40余景，景色自然迷人，亭台楼阁、假山池塘和谐对称、协调均衡，其布局之精致自古闻名江南。
豫园原为明代一位大官的私家花园，始建于1559年，直到20年后才建成。此后曾几经变迁，屡遭摧残。所幸的是，从1949年上海解放时，园内的主要景点尚完好无损。从1956年开始，豫园经过多次修缮，重现其昔日光彩。
参考译文：
Yu Yuan Garden is a famous claical garden in Shanghai, with a history of more than 400 years.Ingenious in design, the garden is typical of the southern architectural style.of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It has some 40 different scenes, presenting an attractive landscape.The pavilions, terraces, towers, rockeries and ponds are laid out in perfect harmony and balance.This exquisite layout has been renowned in the south of the Yangtzi River acro ancient times.Yu Yuan Garden was originally a private garden of a high-ranking official in the Ming Dynasty.Construction of the garden started in 1559, and it was not completed until 20 years later/ it took two decades to complete the construction.Later on, it underwent many changes and suffered repeated destruction.Luckily, by the time Shanghai was liberated in 1949, main scenic points in the garden were still in good condition.After a number of renovations which first began in 1956, Yu Yuan Garden has regained its splendor of the former days.
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