高三英语阅读专题语义理解题教案_高三英语复习课教案
高三英语阅读专题语义理解题教案由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“高三英语复习课教案”。
湖南省长沙县实验中学 高三英语阅读专题：语义理解题教案
这类考题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测。提问的方式主要有：
1．What does the underlined word “...” in the first paragraph mean? 2．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word? 3．The underlined word “...” most probably means ________.4．The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by________.5．According to the paage，the underlined word “...” is the closest in meaning to “________”． 解题技巧：
1.构词法猜词(阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。)例题1：（2008年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）
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The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time.It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places.But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience.…
68.The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph 4 means ____________.A.far-away B.dangerous C.ancient D.secret 例题2：（2004年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）
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Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at.If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”
70.The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means.A.value B.result C.performance D.connection 2．利用同义近义词猜词(在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。)例题1：Animals have different living habits.Some like to look for food at daytime and sleep at night, but some like to sleep at daytime and prowl at night.“Prowl” refer to 例题2：(2003全国卷C篇)…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dre like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.…
65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text? A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people’s imagination.3．利用反义词猜词(对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。)例题1：Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.“gregarious” means。例题2：In many nations there are two financial extremes(极端), from penury to great wealth.“penury”means 例题3：(2002全国高考卷E篇)A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hale;it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.…
74.What does the underlined word “hale” probably mean? A.A party designed by specialists.B.A plan requiring careful thought.C.A situation causing difficulty or trouble.D.A demand made by guests.4．利用上下文语境猜词(任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。)例题1：（2008年全国高考—湖南卷B篇）
…Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection.“We’ve collected foreign coins for years – since our families went on holiday to Tenerife.” she explains.“That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.…
60.The underlined word ”pesetas“ in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.A.story B.collection C.inspiration D.foreign coin 例题2：（2008年全国高考—江西卷D篇）
…The plants are about one meter apart.The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.68．In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means.A．regular cutting of the plants B．frequent watering C．regular use of chemicals D．growing the plants high in the mountain 例题3：（2008年全国高考—上海卷B篇）
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“But,” said Kim, “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”
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70.The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the paage is closest in meaning to “_____”.A.full of respect B.too confident and rude C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet 例题4：（2008年全国高考—山东卷A篇）
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“No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today.“ I just don’t buy it.” Nor should he: in 1999 the U.S.Department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses.…
58.The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means _______ A.mind B.admit C.believe D.expect
5．利用定义和解释猜词(有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。)例题1：Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people;one player tried to get the other down on the floor.“wrestling” means 例题2：Scientists grow large quantities of common mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs.“antibiotic” means 例题3：(2002年全国高考卷B篇)“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides(农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets acro Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food busine.62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text? A.Growing interest in organic food.B.Better quality of organic food.C.Rising market for organic food.D.Higher prices of organic food.6．利用例证，复述或同等关系猜词(为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as, like, for example, for instance等。
为了强调某个观点或把某事叙述得更明白，作者有时运用不同语句来复述同一概念，这时可以利用这些重复和表达形式的变化来猜测词义。虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。
同等关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属于同一范畴。只要我们认出其中一个或几个词或短语，即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概的意思。)例题1：I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.“Generous” means 例题2：You can take any of the periodicals：The World Of English, Foreign Language Teaching In School, or English Learning.“periodicals” refers to 例题3：（2008年全国高考—江苏卷E篇）
William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线), good and ill together.’’ 74.The underlined word ”mingled“ in the last paragraph most probably means________.A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy 例题4：Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is neceary if you are to speak and read intelligently.“semantics” means。
7．根据语义转折猜词(有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。)例题1（2008年全国高考—广东卷B篇）
…Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born.They learn their skills in their everyday lives.But which do they develop? How do they(and how can you)get others to follow? …
60.The underlined word ”cultivated“(paragraph 1)roughly means _______.A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed 例题2：（2008年全国高考—北京卷D篇）
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However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject.…
71.In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.A.try very hard B.take our time C.are very unhappy D.feel especially painful
8．利用经验和常识猜词
例题1：Young Hoover died.Over a thousand people attended his funeral.“funeral” means.例题2：All the houses in the city collapsed during the strong earthquake.“collapsed” means。例题3：（2004年全国高考—北京卷C篇）
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“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville.As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛)going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway.The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me.He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began paing cars on the shoulder.”
63.The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________.A.shame B.hate C.anger D.fear 4 课后巩固练习
(2010年·浙江卷)I looked acro at the others：shelves of similar cameras placed along the wall，offering a wide range of slightly different prices and discounts，with each company selling a range of models based around the same basic box.With so many models to choose from，it seemed that I would have to spend hours weighing X against Y，always trying to take Z and poibly H into account at the same time.But when I had finished，I would still have only the same two certainties that I had entered the store with：first，soon after I carried my new camera out of the shop，it would be worth half what I paid for it；and second，my wonderful camera would very quickly be replaced by a new model.58．What does the writer mean by “it would be worth half what I paid for it ”(paragraph 2)?
A．He should get a 50% discount.B．The price of the camera was unreasonably high.C．The quality of the camera was not good.D．The camera would soon fall in value.(2010年·湖北卷)Both sides want peace，but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict.In part，this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it.From the parents ’ point of view，the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonablene.And of course，the teens see it in exactly the same way，except oppositely.Both feel trapped.56．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.(2010年·四川卷)Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it.He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world.42．The underlined word “voice” in the second paragraph most probably means “________”．
A．an idea B．a sound quality C．a way of writing D．a world to write about
(2010年·北京卷)When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.That’s why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause—can have a great effect on one’s life.The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems—even in the mind of the woman herself，who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for aertivene training.67．The underlined word “aertivene” in the last paragraph probably means 5 ________.A．being willing to speak one’s mind B．being able to increase one’s power C．being ready to make one’s own judgment
D.being quick to expre one’s ideas confidently
(2010年·广东卷)When something goes wrong，it can be very satisfying to say，“Well，it’s soandso’s fault.”or “I know I’m late，but it’s not my fault；the car broke down.”It is probably not your fault，but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation，you are a loser.You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation.However，you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.This is the winner’s key to succe.47．The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.A．avoid B．accept C．improve D．consider
(2010年·北京卷)There are preing calls on the resources(资源)of the government.Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.68．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.A．taxpayers B．preing calls C．college graduates D．government resources
(2010年·湖南卷)The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expreions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expreive faces...It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did.“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expreions，” Jack said.“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth le.” 68．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．The participants in the study.B．The researchers of the study.C．The errors made during the study.D.The data collected from the study.语义理解题答案及解析： 1．构词法猜词
例题1：（2008年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）
68.The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph 4 means ____________.A.far-away B.dangerous C.ancient D.secret 分析：选A。由合成词out-of-the-way的原意以及下句中的isolation一词，可知灯塔在一个“孤零零”的地方。
例题2：（2004年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）70.The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means.A.value B.result C.performance D.connection 分析：选B。运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。2．利用同义近义词猜词
例题1：分析：通过这些并列句可以看出prowl与look for food 是同义近义词，词义也应该是“寻找食物”。
例题2：(2003全国卷C篇)65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text? A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people’s imagination.答案与解析： 由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。3．利用反义词猜词
例题1：分析：此句是把Jane与她姐妹对比。Jane生性腼腆，不爱交际，而她姐姐却与之相反，那就是“爱交际的”了，这也就猜出gregarious的词义了。
例题2：分析：penury: the state of being very poor;poverty(贫穷;贫困)例题3：(2002全国高考卷E篇)74.What does the underlined word “hale” probably mean? A.A party designed by specialists.B.A plan requiring careful thought.C.A situation causing difficulty or trouble.D.A demand made by guests.答案与解析：根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hale的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案为C。4．利用上下文语境猜词
例题1：（2008年全国高考—湖南卷B篇）
…60.The underlined word ”pesetas“ in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.A.story B.collection C.inspiration D.foreign coin 答案与解析：选D。由原文中的Euro(欧元，欧洲统一货币)可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。
例题2：（2008年全国高考—江西卷D篇）
68．In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means.A．regular cutting of the plants B．frequent watering
C．regular use of chemicals D．growing the plants high in the mountain 答案与解析：选A。由此段中的 ① The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.②Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.便可猜出Pruning的词义为“剪枝．修剪”。例题3：（2008年全国高考—上海卷B篇）
70.The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the paage is closest in meaning to “_____”.A.full of respect B.too confident and rude C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet 答案与解析：选B。有时可以通过因果关系的语境来判断，因果关系的语境，通常由 because, so, therefore, so/such…that…等连词来体现。本文中，在Kim看来．因为对方（Williams）是自己的上司，告诉上司去做什么，会显得不礼貌(rude)、自负（too confident）。
例题4：（2008年全国高考—山东卷A篇）
58.The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means _______ A.mind B.admit C.believe D.expect 答案与解析：选C。buy原意为“买，购买”，在此处根据语境可知意为“相信”。从本段第一句话可知，Mahoney持怀疑态度。后面列举的。400,000这个数字也表示出他的不相信。
特别提醒：在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义！这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3％；其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。5．利用定义和解释猜词
例题1：分析：通过后面的定义解释：Wrestling 是“两人进行的，彼此尽力把对方弄倒在地的比赛”，可以猜出wrestling是“摔跤；摔角”。例题2：分析：antibiotic: a medical substance, such as penicillin produced by living things and able to stop the growth of, or destroy, harmful bacteria that have entered the body(抗生素;抗生菌)例题3：(2002年全国高考卷B篇)62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text? A.Growing interest in organic food.B.Better quality of organic food.C.Rising market for organic food.D.Higher prices of organic food.答案与解析：由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。6．利用例证，复述或同等关系猜词
例题1：分析：通过例句“每次遇到乞丐，她都会给一些硬币”可以猜测出“Generous”的词义应该是“慷慨的”。
例题2： 分析：通过后面的举例：《英语世界》，《中小学外语教学》，《英语学习》，说明periodicals为“期刊杂志”。
例题3：（2008年全国高考—江苏卷E篇）74.The underlined word ”mingled“ in the last paragraph most probably means________.A.simple B.mixed C.sad D.happy 答案与解析：选B。由“a mingled yarn”后文的“good and ill together”重复说明可以
知道mingled含义和mixed（混合的）最接近。
例题4： 分析：此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分 号，引号，和括号等。7．根据语义转折猜词例题1（2008年全国高考—广东卷B篇）
60.The underlined word ”cultivated“(paragraph 1)roughly means _______.A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed 答案与解析：选D。从上句的对比可知，领导能力不是“swallowed down”，而是慢慢培养的。从第二段第一句“Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born.They learn their skills in their everyday lives.But which do they develop?”也可以得到启发。
例题2：（2008年全国高考—北京卷D篇）
71.In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.A.try very hard B.take our time C.are very unhappy D.feel especially painful 答案与解析：选A。由However从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。8．利用经验和常识猜词
例题1：分析：通过“年轻的Hoover去世了”，根据我们的常识猜测出一千多人参加的应该是他的“葬礼”。例题2：分析：凭经验我们知道：强烈地震会使房子倒塌。据此很容易猜出collapsed是“倒塌”的意思了。
例题3：（2004年全国高考—北京卷C篇）
63.The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________.A.shame B.hate C.anger D.fear 答案与解析：根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked 意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。最后提醒考生，掌握了一定的生词推测技巧后，也不要去“死抠”个别词，除了人名、地名等一些专有名词不必去细究每一处，那些一时难以断定其意思却又不妨碍理解或答题的生词，大可不必理会。
当然，做完题之后，可以查阅字典，一方面可以检测自己的推断是否正确，另外，可把一些单词、短语记在专门的本子上，以后经常积累并复习这些词汇（注：最好连同文章中的句子一起摘抄下来）。这样对今后的阅读将会有一定的帮助。因为考试没有很多时间去推测大量的单词，平时一定要尽可能地去积累并熟背大量的单词、短语，经典句子甚至文章。
课后巩固练习
(2010年·浙江卷)58．What does the writer mean by “it would be worth half what I paid for it ”(paragraph 2)?
A．He should get a 50% discount.B．The price of the camera was unreasonably high.C．The quality of the camera was not good.D．The camera would soon fall in value.D 解析 第二段开头，作者分析了在卖场，自己将会被各种照相机的种类弄的不知如何选择。但是“But when I had finished, I would still have only the same two certainties that I had entered the store with”，最终我还是必须选择一款，但是无论选择哪一款都会有两个必定的结果：(1)会立刻贬值。(2)会很快有新的产品。所以选择D。(2010年·湖北卷)56．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.A 解析 “In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it.From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonablene.”和 “except oppositely”暗示了答案。
(2010年·四川卷)42．The underlined word “voice” in the second paragraph most probably means “________”．
A．an idea B．a sound quality C．a way of writing D．a world to write about C 解析 根据文中 “...but being unable to find the right ways to say it.He has to find his own...”可以推断出voice所表达的意思是“写作方式”。(2010年·北京卷)67．The underlined word “aertivene” in the last paragraph probably means ________.A．being willing to speak one’s mind B．being able to increase one’s power C．being ready to make one’s own judgment D.being quick to expre one’s ideas confidently D 解析 此题的难点在于A选项的干扰作用。第三段说那位妇女不健谈(实际是说话时停顿的时间过长)而被告知去参加培训，由此可知她参加的是能够让她自信的表达自我的培训而不是说她不愿意表达。此处用反义对比方法。(2010年·广东卷)47．The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.A．avoid B．accept C．improve D．consider C 解析 remedy与上文的change应是同义词。(2010年·北京卷)68．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.A．taxpayers B．preing calls C．college graduates D．government resources 解析 往前推断，them应该指代preing calls这一复数名词。(2010年·湖南卷)68．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．The participants in the study.B．The researchers of the study.C．The errors made during the study.D.The data collected from the study.解析 根据定语从句 “that they show”修饰先行词eye movements，这些活动在研究中应该为the participants所做所展现，由上文的the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可判断选A。
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