虚拟语气教案_虚拟语气教案设计
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虚拟语气Ⅱ教学案
于亚东
虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。
1.虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
“常用在It is(was)+形容词 / 过去分词+that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。
It's important that we（should）work out a plan.（带有“要求”的含义）
It's better that he go at once.（带有“建议”的意思）
☆ 用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：neceary，important，best, right, impoible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，eential，reserved，urgent，等。
It is neceary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It's strange that he should say so.I was glad that he should go.It is important that we should speak politely.It is a pity that she should fare so badly.It's right that you should think that way.☆ 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。
It is requested that Profeor Liu（should）give us a lecture．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
I’m ashamed you should have done such a thing.It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off．有人建议推迟会议。
It is settled that you leave us, then?
注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week.他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1).宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。
如：
The doctor suggested that he not go there．医生建议他不要去那里。
He suggested that we should leave early.他建议我们早点动身。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded.法官命令被告还押。
2).wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。
☆ 从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。
I wish it were true．我但愿这是真的。
☆ 从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望
I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一会儿。
☆ 表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had +过去分词”或“could（would，might）+have+过去分词”
I wish you had called yesterday．我希望你昨天来过电话。
We wish you had come to our New Year’s party.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。
3).would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。
☆ 表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式
☆ 用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义
I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。
4).有些动词，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形。如：
I never thought he should refuse.我万没有想到他会拒绝。
She did not expect that you should come.她没有预料你会来。
3.虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用
名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。
My suggestion is that we(should)send a few soldiers to help them.我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
My advice is that you(should)treat her well.我的忠告是你应该善待她。
He makes the demand that she(should)leave the place at once.他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as poible.我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。
注意：虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。
如：
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
4.虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用
常用在It is time(that)…句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式
It is time the children went to bed.孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）
It's high time that he began to think how to deal with money.他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。
It is time we left.我们该走了。
It is time we went to bed.我们该去睡觉了。
5.虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望
Long live the Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！
God ble you!上帝保佑你。
God damn it!该死的！
The devil take you!见鬼去吧！
So be it then.就那样吧。
6.虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系：从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响。
1)用于主语从句。试比较：
It is important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
It was important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
2)用于宾语从句。试比较：
I suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建议我们明天走。
I suggested that we should go the next day.我建议我们第二天走。
She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她说，“我如是男孩，就参军。”
She said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她说她如是男孩就参军。
但强调现在时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则。试比较：
“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he said.“假如我知道它是如何运行的话，我就会告诉你该怎么办，”他说道。
He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do.他说假如他知道它是如何运行的话，他就会告诉我该怎么办。
“If I knew the answer to all your questions I'd be a genius,” he said.“我如知道你所有问题的答案，我就是天才了。”他说道。
He said that if he knew the answer to all my questions, he’d be a genius.他说他如知道我所有问题的答案，他就是天才了。
但如果全句谓语是虚拟语气，其后从句的时态则多受其影响，现在时态应随之而变为过去时态。
如：
I would think he was wrong.我看他是错了。(须用was,试比较：I think he is wrong)
It would seem that she was right.她似乎是对的。(须用was,试比较：It seems that she is right)
专项练习：
1．His doctor suggested that he ______ a short leave of absence．
A．will take
B．would take
C．take
D．took
2．The job would require that ______ at 7 o'clock every morning．
A．he will be at the factory
B．he be at the factory
C．he was at the factory
D．he has been at the factory
3．Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable．
A．will wait
B．is going to wait
C．waits
D．wait
4．The housemaster was strict．He requested that we ______ television on week nights．
A．not watch
B．must not to watch
C．not be watching
D．have not watched
5．It is neceary that a worker ______ his work on time．
A．accomplishes
B．can accomplish
C．accomplish
D．has accomplished
6．It is important that he ______ his decision before Friday．
A．will make
B．makes
C．make
D．must make
7．You look so tired.It's time you ______ ．
A．go to sleep
B．went to sleep
C．go to bed
D．went to bed
8．I'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being．
A．do
B．didn't do
C．don't
D．didn't
9．But for water，it ______ impoible to live in the desert．
A．is
B．was
C．were
D．wouldn't be
10． ______ it______ for your help，I couldn't have made any progre．
A．Had；not been
B．Should；not been
C．Did；not been
D．Not；be
11．Long ______ the Party！
A．lives
B．live
C．will live
D．should live
12．Mary insisted that Tom ______ her the ring back．
A．gives
B．give
C．given
D．have given
13．My suggestion was that the meeting ______ off till next week．
A．to put
B．be put C．should put
D．be putting 14．Mother suggested that I ______ my homework first before watching TV．
A．did
B．do
C．shall do
D．have done 15．He insisted that nothing ______ till he arrived.A．must be started
B．ought to be started
C．could be started
D．should be started
16．Tom suggests that Ann ______ the house.A．can sell
B．sells
C．sell
D．sold
17．It's better that he ______ it from you.A．'ll hear
B．hears
C．should hear
D．heard
18．It was neceary that he ______ about what had happened.A．be told
B．was told
C．should tell
D．tell
19．It's astonishing that she ______ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her.A．felt
B．should feel
C．'ll feel
D．would feel
20．It was strange that we ______ short of water in the country where it was always raining.A．are
B．be
C．should be
D．both B and C
21．It is strange that she ______ marry such an ugly man.A．would
B．should
C．shall
D．must 22．It's not right that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow.A．must be put
B．must put
C．will be put
D．be put
23．It was impoible that he ______ the train, for he had started out very early.A．could have mied
B．must have mied
C．should have mied
D．should mi
24．It's a pity that he ______ such a good chance.A．should mi B．should have mied C．has mied D．all the above 25．He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it off at once.A．must pay
B．ought to pay
C．paid
D．pay
26．Mr.Ford insisted that he ______ right, though the others didn't think so.A．should do
B．should have done
C．had done
D．did
27．His pale face suggested that he ______ the sad news.A．should be told
B．should have been told
C．was told
D．had been told
28．He suggested that we ______ here at once.A．should leave
B．must leave
C．left
D．ought to leave
29．My order is that everyone ______ their own work in time.A．must complete
B．completed
C．completes
D．complete
30．We've made the decision that we ______ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.A．will gather
B．are about to gather
C．would gather
D．should gather
31．----I'll be waiting for you at home.----______ I were busy and couldn't come?
A．What if
B．What when
C． How if
D．How when
32．After he was praised for what he had done, he said，“I ______ even better under harder conditions.”
A．would do
B．would have done
C．did
D．had done
33．It has been raining for a day, but even though it ______ , we ______ there by tomorrow.A．hadn't rained, couldn't get
B．hadn't rained, can't get
C．didn't rain, couldn't get
D．didn't rain, can't get
34．We could not have succeeded ______ your help.A．but for
B．without
C．if it had not been for
D．all the above
35．I dare say he is not your true friend, because a true friend ______ differently when you were in trouble.A．acted
B．had acted
C．would act
D．would have acted
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．D
4．A 5．C
6．C 7．D 8．B
9．D 10．A
11．B 12．B
13．B 14．B
15． D insist作“要求别人做某事”解，其宾语从句用should型虚拟语气。
16． C 这种should型虚拟语气，有时可将should省略，因此，C项的sell不能有人称变化。
17．C 本句话有“要求”的意思，故选C。
18． A C、D为主动，在此不妥。
19． B 选B表示了说话人带有一种十分惊讶的感情，选A项与she的人称不相一致，是错的。参见本章语法说明。
20． D
21．B should带有感情色彩。
22．D 本句带有要求之意，故从句谓语用should型虚拟语气。D项中的should被省略。
23．C 本句带有惊讶之意，故从句须用should型虚拟语气。但由于是过去的事情所产生的惊讶，所以用should+不定式完成式。
24．D 如选A，这表达了说话人对将来的事所发出的感叹，选B则是对已经过去的事情的感叹。选C则是一个直陈语气，即说话人对此并不一定感到十分惋惜，而是对此事的陈述。
25．D insist在作“坚持要求别人做某事”时，需要用should型虚拟语气，should也可以省略。
26．C insist在作“坚持自己的观点、看法等”解时，不需要用虚拟语气，所以A、B两项用在此处不当。D项时态不准确，故也应排除。
27．D suggest作建议解时，后接了should型虚拟语气，但在本句中作“表明”解，这时不用虚拟语气，A、B两项都应排除，C项时态不当。
28．A 在本句中suggest作“建议”解，故选A。
29．D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，其表语从句也须用should型虚拟语气，本句中的should被省略。
30．D “建议”、“命令”、“要求”等动词的名词形式做主语时，后接同位语从句时也须should型虚拟语气。
31．A What if…？常用于省略疑问句，既可以用于虚拟语气，也可用于直陈语气。本句不省略的形式为What would you do if。
32．B 本句的under引出一个非真实的条件，当然也可以是真实条件。根据上下文，应理解为与过去事实相反，故其谓语动词用would have done。
33．B even though=even if意为“即使”。它同if一样可以引出一个真实的让步从句，也可以引出一个非真实的让步从句。根据上文，even though是一个非真实的与过去事实相反的让步从句。而主句we can't get there却是一个真实的情况。
34．D
35．D 从全句的意思分析，a true friend-differently实际上是指一种假设，而when引导的从句又告诉我们，这是一个与过去事实相反的假设，故用would have acted。
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