南京中山陵英文导游词

2023-09-07 08:23:56 精品范文下载本文

第1篇：南京中山陵英文导游词

南京中山陵英文导游词

Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution. Mr. Sun `s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen. So foreign friends would call him “Dr. Sun Yat-sen ”. Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr. Sun Zhongshan in China. On October 12, 1866, Mr. Sun was born in a farmer` s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshang City) ,Guangdong Province. When he was still young, he had great expectations. He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities. In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president. He put forward the famous guiding principle“driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People` s Principles-“ Nationalism, Democracy and the Peoples Livelihood. ” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr. Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces. On the following New Year` s day (January 1, 1912) Mr. Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing. From then on ,Mr. Sun experienced Yuan Shikai` s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr. Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou. At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People` s Principles and put forward Three people` s New Principles. He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers. ” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr. Sun we

第2篇：南京中山陵英文导游词

南京中山陵英文导游词

My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have mied the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun `s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him “Dr.Sun Yat-sen ”.Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer` s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshang City),Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profeion to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People` s Principles-“ Nationalism, Democracy and the People` s Livelihood.” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year` s day(January 1, 1912)Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai` s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congre of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People` s Principles and put forward Three people` s New Principles.He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Ruia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.” In November 1924, in spite of his illne, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discu state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and paed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb? It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31,1912 Mr.Un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place wehre the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said “IF poible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun` s mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect Mr.Sun` s wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum.They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum.Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr.Sun` s death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929.It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum.The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr.Sun` s remains was transported from Beijing to Nangjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing.In order to meet Mr.Sun` s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east;it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road.Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads.At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate.Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built.Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York ,the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards.And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products.Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now ,we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, According to Lu Yanzhi` s design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.Duo` s sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.The design reminds the people of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s well-known saying “The revolution is far from succe and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation.The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.Now ,please look to the south.There is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou.The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails.The copper “ding”(an ancient cooking veel)with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg.IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum.The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr.Dai jitao.One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”.These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width.It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The word in English mean fraternity.They were written by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is humanity ”.It is said that Mr.Sun very much liked to write these two words to others.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum.The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.In order to embody the greatne of Mr.Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high.In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn.Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind.The pines,cyprees, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr.Sun` s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City.The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area.IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep.It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle paage is Dr.SunYat-sen` s handwriting.It means that the state doesn` t belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.This is the goal for which Mr.Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People` s Principles.We have paed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion.The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”.These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai.When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr.Sun, but two years paed, yet nothing they could write.Because they thought that Mr.Sun` s merits couldn` t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr.Sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we` ll see numerous layers of steps.The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge(known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge).So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform.Look ,there are two big copper “ding”.They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time.Now, please look carefully.There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”.Why? Just let me tell you.In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity.The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters.If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290.In order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber.They are the major parts of the Mausoleum.The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer.If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer.So when the later generation mention him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete succe.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of a ancient wooden palace style.It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortre style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles.The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief-“Naturalism” “Democracy” and “The people` s livelihood”.These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun` s revolutionary activities.Above “Democracy” , there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun` s handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province.The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China.There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each.You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yat-seen` s handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to expre filial piety in China.The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos.They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine.The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr.Sun Yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide.It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland.He was entrusted by the committee of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral for sculpting it.He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue.In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris.Its total cost was 1.5 million francs.The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr.Sun` s life and revolutionary activities.Paing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper.The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese.The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun` s handwriting for the 72 martyrs` tomb in Huanghua Mound of Guanzhou.The secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr.Sun Yat-sen` s tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape.The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome.The floor of the round room is covered with marble.The room` s diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters.The walls are covered with pink marbles.The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails.In the pit lays Dr.Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit.This is sculpted in accordance to Mr.Sun` s remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor.His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr.Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts.The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.They insisted that Mr.Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit.Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, I `m afraid you must be concern about whether Mr.Sun remains are in the tomb or not.In fact, his remains had a unusual experience.After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925.When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr.Sun` s remains and decided to burn them.It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains.Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again.On May 28, 1929, Mr.Sun` s coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum.After the Grand Ceremony of Feng` an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it.The bottom of the tomb is granite.Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time.Because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT.At last Chang gave up the plan.So the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Paing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park.The back wall of the park is a “Exhibition of Construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the proce of the transportation of Mr.Sun` s remains.Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr.Sun.Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese.The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot.IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr.Sun` s birthday.Ladies and gentlemen.Mr.Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years.He carried out the three principal policies of “Making an alliance with Ruia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days.The great feat Mr.Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad.After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr.Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years.People come here to pay homage to Mr.Sun.Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits.I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.At that time, when hearing this.Dr.Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.OK, thank you very much for your cooperation.Good bye and good luck!

第3篇：南京中山陵导游词

南京中山陵导游词

中山陵各位朋友，来到一座历史文化名城，你们一定想去看看当地最有名气、最具特色的景点吧。到了南京，如果没去中山陵，可以说你只看到了半个南京城。尽管南京素有“六朝古都”之称，拥有“金陵四十景”等众多名胜古迹，但中山陵无疑是其中最具吸引力、最有知名度的一个。

说起中山陵，当然要提到它的主人--伟大的中国民主革命先行者孙中山先生。孙先生本名孙文，字逸仙。外国友人都称呼他为“孙逸仙博士”。因为他在日本从事革命活动时曾用过“中山樵”的化名，所以他在国内被尊称为孙中山先生。孙中山１８６６年１１月１２日出生于广东香山县（今中山市）翠亨村的一个农民家庭。他少有大志，先后求学于檀香山、香港等地，毕业后在广州、澳门等地行医。后来他弃医从政，并于１９０５年在日本组织中国同盟会，被推举为总理，提出了“驱除按虏，恢复中华，建立民国，平均地权”的著名纲领，及“民族、民权、民生”的三民主义学说。１９１１年１０月１０日武昌起义爆发后，孙先生被十七省代表推举为中华民国临时大总统，并于次年元旦在南京宣誓就职。此后

未完，继续阅读 >

第4篇：南京中山陵导游词

南京中山陵导游词

人们常说:不到故宫、长城就等于没去过北京；不到外滩船游浦江、登东方明珠或金茂大厦就等于没去过上海；不长到西湖、宋城就不知杭州的千年风情；那么不到中山陵你就等于白来了一趟南京。大家都是大老远出来旅游的，有的以前也许来过，有的以后可能再来，还有的可能旅游完这一趟以后就不会再来了，所以希望大家能多看一看其中的经典精华少留一些遗憾。

先向大家简要地介绍一下孙中山先生的生平。孙中山，姓孙名文，字逸仙，号中山樵。他于1866年11月12日生于广东省香山县(现已改为中山市），他早年曾求学海外，1892年毕业于香港西医学院，学成之后曾一度在香港、澳门、广州一带行医。由于清政府的腐败，孙中山切身地感到光靠行医是无法救百姓救中国的，于是毅然弃医从政，于1905年8月，在日本东京组织成立了中国近代史上第一个资产阶级革命团体“中国同盟会”，提出了“民族、民生、民权”即“三民主义”的革命纲领。在国内不断发动武装起义，特别是在1911年4月27日发动了广州起义。广州起义虽然最终遭到失败，但为同年10月1

未完，继续阅读 >

第5篇：南京中山陵导游词

中山陵

各位游客，欢迎来到我国伟大的民主革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓——南京中山陵。中山陵，位于南京市东郊紫金山南麓，是南京民国时期的著名建筑，现已成为南京的名片和标志。

孙中山先生名孙文，字逸仙，因从事革命活动时曾用过“中山樵”的化名，所以又被尊称为中山先生。中山先生是中国近代民族民主主义革命的开拓者，中华民国和中国国民党的缔造者，他首举彻底反帝反封建的旗帜，领导辛亥革命，推翻了在中国存在了两千多年的帝制。1925年积劳成疾在北京逝世，终年59岁。中山陵的墓址是中山先生生前选定的，他选择南京紫金山为墓址，是为了纪念辛亥革命，激励革命同仁，表现了讨伐帝制和继续革命的决心。

中山陵是由青年建筑师吕彦直设计的，依山而筑，坐北朝南，西邻明孝陵，东毗灵谷寺，墓地全局呈“警钟”形图案，寓有“唤起民众”之意，让人想起中山先生“革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力”的遗言，给人以警钟长鸣、发人深醒的启迪。建筑风格中西合璧，既有深刻含意，又显庄严雄伟，被誉为“中国近代建筑史上第一陵”。

现在我们来到的是中山陵的陵园广场。广场