学位英语语法高频考点小结 2_英语语法小结
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学位英语语法高频考点小结(2)
虚拟语气 如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时,称为虚拟条件句。考试重点:虚拟语气的基本形式和用法;if的省略形式;含蓄条件句;以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句;would rather 引导的从句;以as if, as though 引导的从句;以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句;It is neceary(important)that引导的主语从句;It is time(that)…句型中。
一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法:
虚拟(条件)语气中,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类:
1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him.A.had knownB.have knownC.knewD.know
(答案:C。与现在的事实相反,从句用过去时)(1995年38题)
2、Do you think there would be le conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language?
A.spokeB.speakC.had spokenD.will speak
(答案:A。与现在的事实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去时。)
3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.A.would comeB.would have comeC.had comeD.came
(答案为C。与过去的事实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。)(1995年59题)
二、if的省略形式
在虚拟条件句中,如谓语包含were , had, should等词,则可以把这些词放到主语前面,省略if。
1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realizedB.Had I realizedC.Did I have realized thatD.As I realized(答案:B。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if,而将谓语中的过去式were,had,或should等移至主语之前。1996年39题)
2、_____, I should ask them some questions.A.Should they come to usB.If they come to usC.Were they come to usD.Had they come to us
(答案:A。与将来事实相反。)(1997年30题)
三、含蓄条件句
有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示,而用其它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with,without,but for。
1、Without your help, we _____ so much.A.didn’t achieveB.would not have achievedC.will not achieveD.don’t achieve
(答案:B。这是一句含蓄条件句,条件暗含在介词短语without your help中,因此要用虚拟语气。)(1996年33题)
2、But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday.A.should haveB.would have hadC.would haveD.will have had(答案:B。2003年28题)
四、以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句
wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用:主语+wish +从句(主语+过去时);表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用:主语+wish +从句(主语+过去完成时);
1、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.A.could studyB.studiedC.had studiedD.would study(答案:C)(2000年53题)
2、I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there.A.wereB.would beC.had beenD.will be(答案:C)(2001年53题)
五、would rather+句子(过去时)
1、I’d _____ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.A.ratherB.betterC.happierD.further(答为案:A)(1998年45题)
2、I am too busy these days.I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.A.comeB.would comeC.cameD.have come(答案为C)(2002年46题)
六、以as if,as though引导的从句
在as if,as though引导的从句中,如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时,它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气,动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。
1、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.A.knowsB.knewC.had knownD.would have known
(答案:B。as if(though)从句中非真实性情况用虚拟语气。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑,所以用过去时。)
2、You are talking as if you had seen them
你谈的那么起劲,好像你真的见过似的。(表示想象中的过去的动作)
七、以suggest,advise,insist等词后引导的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略。
类似的动词有:propose,insist,suggest,order,demand,require,request等。
1、The doctor advised that Mr.Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.A.hadB.would haveC.haveD.was going to have(答案:C)(1998年28题)
2、His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.A.put onB.puts onC.to putD.putting on(答案:A)(1999年58题)
八、It is neceary/important/urgent that引导的主语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词,should可以省略。
1、It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.A.comesB.will comeC.comeD.may come(答案:C)(1997年29题)
2、It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.A.will be arrangedB.must be arrangedC.be arrangedD.would be arranged(答案:C)(2003年45题)
九、It is time(that)…引导的定语从句中,谓语动词用过去时。
1、It’s high time we _____ something to stop traffic accident.A.doB.will doC.didD.must do(答案:C)(1996年43题)
2、Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?
A.give upB.gave upC.would give upD.should give up(答案:B)
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