非谓语动词讲解及练习：动词不定式(The Infinitive)
第1篇：非谓语动词讲解及练习：动词不定式(The Infinitive)
动词不定式(The Infinitive)
动词不定式：（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
一、不定式的形式：
主 动 被 动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing /
否定式：not /never + (to) do
二、不定式的句法功能：
1.作主语：
eg.)To make a speech here is an honor.
To lose heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，如上两句可用如下形式：
It is an honor to make a speech here.
It means failure to lose heart.
常用结构：
It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.
It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.
(常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.)
Eg.)It’s necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English.
It is foolish of you to make such a mistake.=You are foolish to make such a mistake.
2.作表语：
eg.)Her wish is to become a novelist.
He appears to have caught a cold.
不定式一般紧跟在系动词如be, seem, remain, appear等后面,用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention, wish, dream, etc.
eg.) My purpose is to teach them a lesson.
有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。
Eg.) To be strict with students is to be responsible to them.
What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth.
如果主语中含有do的任何形式, 那么不定式可以省去to.
Eg.) The only thing he could do was ( to) tell the truth.
比较:
A组: Sth.+be +不定式(作表语)---表示主语的具体内容
Sth.+be +不定式(作表语)---表示时态(将来时)
Eg.)He is to tidy up the room.
His plan is to tidy up the room.
B组:动名词和不定式在句中作表语的区别:
1. 一般情况下,区别不大,可通用
eg.) Seeing is believing.
=To see is to believe.
2. 动名词表示的动作较抽象、或是习惯性的, 而不定式表示某次具体的动作.
Eg.)My job is typing papers.
My job now is to type these papers.
3.作宾语：
A. 动词+ to不定式
常见动词: hope, wish, long, want, refuse, pretend, promise, agree, aim, decide, expect, offer, fail, plan, learn, manage, intend, desire, etc.
eg.) I longed to become an artist.
He helped (to) bring up the orphan.
B.动词+(间接宾语)+疑问词+ to不定式
常见动词: know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, understand, find out, etc.
eg.) I don’t know what to say to comfort her.
The farmer showed us how to milk the cow.
C.动词+ it+宾语补足语+( for sb.)+ to不定式：
常见动词:find, consider, think, make, feel, etc.
eg.) Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
I think it important for you to recite some English articles.
D.介词but, except后可接to不定式作宾语。
注意句中谓语或非谓语部分含有do，那么不定式可省去to
eg.)Seeing the room crowded, I had no choice but to stand in the dark.
Seeing the room crowded, I could do nothing but stand in the dark.
4.作宾语补足语：
A. 动词/动词词组+宾语+to不定式
常见动词: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, allow, permit, help, advise, persuade, cause, force, warn, invite, urge, encourage, prepare, call on, would like, wait for, etc.
eg.)I got them to join us in the discussion.
They are waiting for the school bus to come.
B. 动词+宾语+不带to的不定式
常用动词: feel (一感) ; hear, listen to(二听); make, let, have(三让); see, watch, observe, notice, look at(五看) ;help (半帮助,可带to或不带to)etc. 但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to.
Eg.) I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
比较: I saw him crossing the road.
He was seen _____the road.
I saw him carried downstairs.
He was seen ____ downstairs.
5.作定语：(考点集中在动词不定式与被修饰词的逻辑关系的判断上)
A.与被修饰名词构成动宾关系：
Eg.) I have a meeting to attend.
He found a good house to live in. (如果不定式是vi，其后应有适当的介词.)
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
eg.)He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
注意如果句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式就用被动语态表示。比较:
I am going to the post office, for I have a letter to post.
I am going to the post office, do you have any letter to be posted?
B. 与被修饰名词构成主谓关系：
Eg.)He is the right person to do that job.
He is the first to get here.
注意不定式+介词修饰名词也可以转换成介词+关系代词（whom或which）+不定式。
Eg.) Mary is a nice companion to travel with.
Mary is a nice companion with whom to travel.
I got a piece of paper to write on.
I got a piece of paper on which to write.
C．说明所修饰名词的内容：
Eg.) We have made a plan to finish the work.
Jane expressed a wish to earn her own living.
6.作状语：
A.表目的：
Eg.) He worked day and night to pay off the debt .
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
To save money, every means has been tried. (×)
To save money, he has tried every means. (√)
= He has tried every means in order to/so as to save money.
= In order to save money, he has tried every means.
B.表结果：
Eg.)I visited him only to find him out.
Would you be so kind as to tell me the way to the garden Hotel?
His behavior is such as to make his friends angry.
The patient is strong enough to walk about.
too…to…结构
Eg.)It’s too dark for us to see anything.
The question is too simple for him to answer.
注：对少数几个表示心情或倾向的形容词，如：glad, ready, pleased, willing, anxious, happy, satisfied, etc.用于too…to…结构时表示肯定意义。
eg.)They were too anxious to leave.
I am only/but too glad to do you the favor.
C.表原因：
Eg.)They were very excited to hear the news that their team had won the game.
7.作插入语和同位语：
常见插入语:to tell (you) the truth/to be frank; truth to tell实不相瞒;to start/begin with; to conclude; to make matter worse; to be more exact确切地讲;to make a long story short长话短说，简而言之;to be fair公平地说，凭心而论;to be sure肯定地，毫无疑问地;
eg.)To tell (you) the truth, I don’t like the way _______he talked.
To make matter worse/___ ____, the computer broke down.
We have made a plan to finish the work.
Her wish to be an air hostess has never come true.
三、不定式的时态:
1.一般式－(to)+动原：不定式的一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。
Eg.)The policeman made the thief stand in the corner.
The play is said to be made into a film soon.
2.进行式－to be+现分：不定式的进行式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词动作同时发生。(seem, appear, happen, pretend等动词的结构中)
Eg.)The boy pretended to be working hard.
=The boy pretended that he was working hard.
He seems to be reading in his study.
=It seems that he is reading in his study.
3.完成式－to have +过分：不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词动作之前.
eg.)I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
The novel is said to have been translated into several foreign languages.
=It is said that the novel has been translated into several foreign languages.
比较: I must be off now. I am pleased to have met/meeting you all.(分手告别时)
Pleased to meet you, Mr. Cook.(初次见面时)
四、不定式的语态:
主动式和被动式
A. 如不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者, 不定式需用被动语态－to be +过分
eg.) He dislikes to be praised in public.
The only animal to be seen in the desert was the camel.
B. 主动的形式表示被动:
①句中存在不定式的逻辑主语, 构成逻辑上的主谓关系：
eg.) The master gave his dog a few bones to eat.
I have a lot of papers to type.
(比较:I am free now. Do you have any papers to be typed?)
②在“形容词+不定式”结构中, 如不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,那么不定式多用主动语态.
常见形容词：hard, difficult, easy, fit, cheap, expensive, interesting, etc.
Eg.) The water is fit to drink.
The couch is comfortable to sit on.=It is comfortable to sit on the couch.
The sentence is easy _____ (explain). =It is________
The tea is bitter _______(taste).
③在there be结构中,倾向于用不定式主动语态表示被动意义.
Eg.) There is always much work to do in the house.
④下列句子惯用不定式主动语态.
Eg.) The house is to let/to be let. 这房子待出租。
He is not to blame. 他不该受责备。
但在be + to不定式以及be likely to结构中，如果主语是不定式所表示的承受者，那么不定式仍须用被动语态。
Eg.) The collection of poems is to be published within a year.
The results of the exams remain to be seen.
He is likely to be made monitor of our class.=It is likely that he is made ….
五、不定式的否定式： not/never + (to ) 不定式
eg.) They hurried along in order not to be late.
The boy promised never to play truant again.
六、不定式的省略与保留：保留to,省略do动词。
Ⅰ.不定式符号的省略与保留:
1. 在had better, would rather, would rather…than…, would sooner…than…, cannot but, why (not) 等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。如:
eg.) You’d better tell her the truth.
2. 动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的宾语，且介词之前有行为动词do或其它形式时，不定式符号to通常被省略。
Eg.) What do you like to do besides swim?
My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.
Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her.
3. 两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略；如果表示对比关系，则不定式符号to通常保留。
eg.) They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop. （对比关系）
She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back. （并列关系）
4．在某些感官动词或使役动词（如：hear，listen to， notice，observe， see， watch， make等）之后充当宾语补足语
的不定式中，不定式符号to总是被省略， 但在被动语态的句子中，不定式符号to通常保留。
Eg.) They made that man work all the morning.
That man was made to work all the morning.
5.不定式短语作表语，不定式符号to通常保留，但当what引导的名词性从句作主语，或all，everything等后接定语从句作主语，从句谓语部分含有动词do 或do的其他形式时，作表语的不定式可以保留也可省略不定式符号to。
eg.) The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.
The only thing I can do is (to) go on y myself.
II.不定式符号后面动词的省略与保留
1.为了避免重复，在hope， wish， want， like， love，decide， mean， prefer， have to， be able to， be going to， used to， ought to等动词及习语后面出现与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其它部分省略。
Eg.) Ms King lied to us because she had to.
2.当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时, 为了避免重复, 常保留不定式符号to，而把后面的动词省略.
eg.) She wants to come , but her parents won’t allow her to.
If he doesn’t want to go there, don’t force him to.
He didn’t come, though we had invited him to.
3.在特定的上下文中, 为了避免重复, 如果不定式为一般式to be…或完成式to have done时, 则不定式符号to和be或have常一并保留, be或have之后的部分通常要省略.
eg.) ---Aren’t you the headmaster?
--- No, but I don’t want to be.
--- Hasn’t he finished the report?
--- No, but he ought to have.
补充:
不定式符号后面动词的省略与保留：
Eg.)1. If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to.
2.---Ought I to finish the work today?
---Yes, you ought to.
注：㈠以上例句中的不定式符号to均不能省略。但如省略名词后的不定式时，则to可以一起省去。
Eg.) Never will Tom miss school for no reason; he hasn’t the courage (to).
I will come as soon as I have got the chance (to).
㈡ want 和would like如用于从句中，to通常可以省略。
Eg.) Come whenever you want (to).
You can stay here as long as you like (to).
㈢如不定式带有系动词be或助动词have, 则须保留be或have.
Eg.) ---Are you a teacher?---No, but I used to _be_.
--- Sorry, I haven’t finished my work yet?---Well, you ought to have.
㈣另外两种省略to的情况.
⑴ 如主语部分含有动词do,则作表语的不定式可省略to
eg.) What I want to do is run a night school.
⑵当两个或两个以上的不定式并列使用时,除第一个不定式以外,其余的不定式一般要省略to.
Eg.) It is up to you to decide whether to stay or leave.
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
第2篇：非谓语动词之动词不定式
非谓语动词 之 动词不定式
动词的非谓语形式有三种：
(1)动词不定式：to study(to + 动词原形)
(2)分词：studying(现在分词)、studied(过去分词)
(3)动名词：studying(形式与现在分词相同)
一、动词不定式
(一)作主语。在不定式短语作主语的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主语，而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。如：
To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her.你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。
It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation.我们不接受邀请不合适
但是，下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出：
carele粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的，等等。
因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何。而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何
(二)作宾语及宾语补语。
1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：afford负担得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt试图，beg乞求，begin开始，choose选择，claim声称，consent同意，dare敢，decide决定，decline谢绝，desire欲想，demand要求，determine决心，expect期待，fail失败，forget忘记，hate讨厌，help帮助，hope希望，intend打算，learn学习，like喜欢，long渴望，manage设法，mean打算，need需要，offer主动提出，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，prepare准备，pretend假装，promise答应，refuse拒绝，remember记得，seek寻求，seem好像，tend倾向，threaten威胁，undertake承担，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。
2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where还有whether等词连用作宾语。常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有：ask询问，advise建议，consider考虑，decide决定，discover发现，discu讨论，explain解释，find out查明，forget忘记，inquire打听，know知道，learn学会，remember记得，show演示，tell告诉，teach教，think想，understand懂得，wonder想知道，等等。例如：How to live a happy life is a difficult question to answer.3、有些动词需要不定式作宾语补足语。这种动词常见的有：ask请求，advise劝告，allow允许，beg乞求，believe相信，call on号召，cause促使，compel强迫，command指挥，direct指导，enable使…能够，encourage鼓励，expect期望，feel觉得，force迫使，get使得，hate不喜欢，have使，hear听见，help帮助，inspire鼓舞，intend 打算,invite邀请,instruct指示，know知道，lead引导，let让，like喜欢，listen to 听，look at看，make 使得, notice注意到, observe观察，order命令，permit允许，persuade说服，prefer更喜欢，pre施加压力，remind提醒，request请求，teach教，tell告诉，urge敦促，want 想要，warn警告，wish希望，等等。
Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college student.4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。这样的动词有：feel觉得，have使，hear听见，help帮助，let让，listen to 听，look at看，make使，notice 注意，see看见，observe 观察，watch观看 等，一类是感官动词，一类是使役动词。
A policeman saw the accident happen.一位警察看见事故发生。
上述help后面的不定式省掉to与保留to都可以。在被动语态中，上述动词后面的不定式要把省去的to还原。
I heard the dog come in.我听见那条狗进来。
=The dog was heard to come in.有人听见那条狗进来。
I saw her go out by bike.我看见她骑着自行车出去了。
=She was seen to go out by bike.有人看见她骑着自行车出去了。
在had better(最好)，would rather(宁愿)，would sooner(宁愿)，would(just)as soon(宁愿)，cannot but(不能不，不由得不)，cannot help but(不能不，不由得不)等成语后面也跟不带to的不定式：
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.Rather than和sooner than同义，都是“宁可”，“与其…(不如)”，“不是…(而是)”的意思。当它们放在句首时，其后跟不带to的不定式;在其它位置时其后的不定式可带也可不带to:
Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitre.He decided to write rather than telephone.他决定写信，不打电话。
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.经理相信重要的是投资买新机器，而不是增加工资。
4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。
在Why 起首的疑问句中跟不带to的不定式：
Why not come with us? 为什么不跟我们一起来呢? =Why don’ t you come with us?
5、不定式作宾语而后面还有宾语补语时，常用it来代替不定式短语，而把真正作宾语的不定式短语放在补足语后面。常见的动词有：consider认为，feel觉得，find发现，make使，think认为，等等。例如：I think it best to go.我想最好走。
Do you consider it right to send our doctors over?
注意：hope希望，demand要求，suggest建议，这三个词不能跟不定式作宾补。
I hope that you’ll be happy.我希望你快乐。
I suggest that you take him seriously.我建议你要把他当回事。
I advise you not to take him seriously.我建议你不要把他当回事。
We demanded that they give us a definite answer.我们要求他们给个确切的答
(三)作定语。不定式短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰的词之后，有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。常见的有：ability能力，agreement一致，协议，ambition抱负、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt试图，campaign战役，chance机会，claim声称，courage勇气，decision决定，determination决心，drive努力，eagerne殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失败，hope希望，intention目的意图，motive force动力，movement运动、协议，need需要，opportunity机会，plan计划，promise诺言，readine乐意，refusal拒绝，reluctance勉强不愿，resolution决心，tendency倾向，right权力，struggle斗争，threat威胁，time时候，way方法，willingne愿意，wish希望。
与这些词相对应的形容词或动词常接动词不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。
作定语时不定式表示将要发生的动作。
There is not any one to save him.没有任何能救他的人。
He’s a not a man to tell lies.他不是那种撒谎的人。
(四)作表语。放在系动词之后。
To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich.赌博就是自杀，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make enemies.批评别人就是树敌。
To do everything is to do nothing.什么都做等于什么也做不成。
(五)不定式短语和疑问词连用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,还包括
whether)
(1)做主语。
例如：
Who to turn to is what she wants to know.找谁帮忙是她想知道的。
It’s problem what to do.干什么还是个问题。
How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark.(2)做表语。例如：
The question is which to take first.问题是先拿哪一个。
What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek.剩下需要你解释的是怎样实施计划以及寻求谁的帮助。
The question is which of the methods to adopt.(3)作宾语，常用这一结构作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide discu, explain, forget, find out, gue, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。
I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply.我发现了在哪里买这些东西便宜。
Do you remember when to switch off the machine?
有些双宾语及物动词，也可用这个结构做直接宾语。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：
I showed her how to use the remote control.我向她演示怎样使用遥控器。
The salesman told him which switch to turn on first.(4)做定语。例句:
I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with).(六)作状语。不定式短语作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。
(1)表示目的。如:
We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.为了强调，有时用in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)加动词原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如;In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day.有些不定式习惯用语放在句首或句尾，作独立成分。例如：
To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory.老实(和你)说，这不令人满意。
To be fair, she is an honest girl.说句公道话，她是一个诚实的姑娘。
To tell you the truth, you are wrong..实话告诉你，你错了。
(2)表示原因。例如:
To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner.不定式短语可以和表示情绪的形容词和过去分词连用，有时说明产生这种情绪的原因，有时不是说明原因，而是和形容词一起说明主语的情况。
常见的这类形容词和过去分词有：
able有能力的，afraid 害怕的，amazed 感到惊异的，angry生气的，anxious 急于的，astonished 感到惊讶的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聪明的，comfortable舒服的，cruel残忍的，deep深的，delighted 高兴的，difficult有困难的，disappointed感到失望的，determined 有决心的，eager 急于的，easy容易的，fit 合适的，foolish 愚蠢的，fortunate 幸运的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高兴的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艰苦的，lucky 幸运的，overjoyed 高兴的，pleased高兴的，poible 可能的，proud 自豪的，ready 准备好的，relieved 感到轻松的，right正确的，sad悲伤的，shocked感到惊讶的，sorry难过的，sure 肯定的，surprised感到惊讶的，unable没能力的，usele没用的，willing 愿意的，worthy 值得的，wrong 错误的等。
He’ll be angry to hear these words.听到这些话他会生气的。
You’re lucky to have me as your teacher.有我当你们老师，你们很幸运。
He feels proud to be on the school football team.(3)不定式做结果状语只限于下面几个词：learn得知，find 发现，see 看见，hear 听见，to be told被告知，make 使得 等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的结果。例如:
He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off.(4)不定式还可以与“be said, be reported,…”等连用构成复合谓语。这一结构可变成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(见被动语态部分)。如：
It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s known that three have been killed.(七)不定式的时态。动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。
(1)一般式(to+动词原形)：表示与主句谓语动词动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。例如：
We’re happy to have you on our side.有你在我们这边我们很高兴。
I saw him go out.(2)进行式(to be+现在分词)：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。例如：
She’s said /believed to be living nearby.(3)完成式(to have+过去分词)：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。
如：I’m glad to have met your parents here.我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母。
动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。例如：
The game were to have taken place in Room
He planned to have gone abroad last week.(八)不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：
一般式：to be+过去分词
完成式：to have been+过去分词
You’re lucky to have been accepted.你很幸运已经被接受了。
These criminals are to be hanged.这些罪犯是将被绞死的。
(九)为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。例如：
You will make it if you try(to).如果你努力，你会成功的。
George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to.George 说要离开上海，但是我不认为他真的愿意走。
后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：
used to常常 be going to 打算
mean to打算 ought to应该
plan to 计划 want to要想
(十)两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。例如:
I intend to call on him and discu this question again.We had nothing to do except(to)look at the posters outside the cinema.句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词(do作谓语，to do作定语等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。例如：
I can do nothing but go there alone.除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。
1.用动词不定式结构完成下列句子：
1)Let’s _______(早回家).→ go home early
2)I am going _____(问问题).→ to ask some questions
3)I’ve been hoping ______(会见格林先生)ever since I left school → to see Mr.Green
4)It is difficult ______(照顾这么多小娃娃).→ to look after so many babies
5)He likes _____(在月光下散步).→to walk in the moonlight
6)She is afraid ____(独自去).→ to go alone
7)I pretended ______(睡着了).→ to be asleep
8)I should like _____(今晚去看那个话剧).→to go to watch that drama tonight
9)Be careful ____(别着凉).→not to catch cold
10)Mr.Green seemed ____(越来越不喜欢他).→to dislike him more and more
11)It is too heavy _____(你搬不动).→for you to carry
12)You have to work hard ____(考试及格).→to pa the examination
13)Tom intends ____(找个新工作).→to look for a new job
14)What do you want ____(吃)? →to eat
15)I hate _____(这么早离开),but I am afraid ____(我不得不这么早离开).→to leave so early;I have to
16)The enemy soldiers refused ____(再战斗下去).→ To fight anymore
17)He decided _____(成为物理学家).→to become a physicist
18)The woman came out ____(看看在发生什么事).→to see what was happening
19)I mean _____(完成这个任务), one way or another.→to accomplish the task
20)He was planning _____(和她一起去).→to go with her
21)He seems _____(过去是个猎手).→to have been a hunter
22)I happened _____(看过这本书).→to have read the book
23)I happened ____(正挨着他站着)when he was shot.→to be standing next to him
24)The enemy is believed ____(已被击败).→to have been defeated
25)The teacher wanted the composition ______(当堂做完).→to be finished in cla
26)He appears _____(是你的朋友)but I doubt if he is.→to be your friend
第3篇：非谓语动词讲解及练习：动名词
动 名 词 (The Gerund)
动名词可以起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；同时，它还保留着动词的一些特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语.
动名词的形式：以write为例
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 writing being written
完成式 having written having been written
一、动名词的句法功能：
1． 作主语
eg.) Reading books makes one wise.
Collecting stamps is interesting.
① 与不定式区别:
动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的抽象动作;不定式作主语表示具体的特别是将来的动作。
Eg.) _____ (Walking, To walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
_____ (Finishing, To finish) the work in a week is impossible.
② 常
第4篇：英语非谓语动词讲解及练习
非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been do
ne （完成被动式）
不定式 to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）
动名词 doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、
