英语非谓语动词讲解及练习
第1篇：英语非谓语动词讲解及练习
非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing 。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式） ; having done （完成式）; having been do
ne （完成被动式）
不定式 to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）
动名词 doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：
一． 动词不定式
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。
1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .
2． His wish is to be a driver .
3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .
4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
5．I have nothing to say .
6．They went to see their aunt .
7．It’s easy to see their aunt.
8．I don’t know what to do next .
9．I heard them make a noise .
说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,
equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
（ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）
3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .
It’s necessary for you to study hard .
It’s foolish of him to do it .
与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible
4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.
需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .
5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o
ught to , need to , used to , be able to
6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：
1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place
to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2）主谓关系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )
-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )
7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：
1） 原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2) 目的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out .
The book is too hard for the boy to read .
He is old enough to go to school .
8 . 不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice
注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.
二．动名词
Learning English is very difficult .
学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus .
他的工作是开车。
I enjoy dancing .
我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country .
我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .
吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。
注意以下几种结构：
1．There’s no telling what will happen .
=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .
= No one can tell what will happen .
2．It’s no use talking with him .
It’s no good speaking to them like that .
3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …
在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:
trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time
注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，
forget to do … 忘记要做某事
forget doing… 忘记做了某事
remember to do…记住要做某事
remember doing …记着做了某事
mean to do … 有意要做某事
mean doing … 意味着做了某事
regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔
regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔
can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事
try to do … 尽力去做某事
try doing 试着做某事
learn to do … 学着去做某事
learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 继续做某事
used to do … 过去做某事
be used to doing …习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别
动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义
如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
a running horse = a horse which is running
前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy
3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。
例如：His coming made us very happy .
4．动名词的语态和时态
5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。
6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,
三． 分词
1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .
这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。
2 . This is a moving film .
这是一部动人的电影。
3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .
秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。
4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .
如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .
当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。
应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?
The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.
= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.
China is a developing country and America is a developed country.
2．分词作表语
The news sounds encouraging .
They got very excited .
1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：
The news is interesting .
He is interested in the news .
doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。
2）表语与被动式的区别：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作）
The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）
3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)
The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)
My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)
能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。
例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .
What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .
4．注意的四种结构：
have something to do 有某事要做
have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事
have something doing 让某事一直做着
5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：
seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：I seated myself on the chair .
I was seated on the chair .
6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。
Having finished the homework , I went home . （ 时间）
Being a Party member , I should work hard . （原因）
Given more time ,I can do my work better . （ 条件 ）
He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴随）
To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )
He is old enough to join the army . （ 结果）
7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running
a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen
a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do
8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：
I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)
The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . （正在进行）
The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . （ 过去）
9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 )
Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . （ 正确）
Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系
练习
I .单项选择
1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
2. ______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it .
A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told
D. Having told
3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path .
A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest
4. The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead .
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult .
A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make
6 . The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 .
A.first playing B.to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
7 . ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .
---- Well , now I regret ____________that .
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
8 . The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here .
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
9 . _______ a reply , he decided to write again .
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________ .
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in .
to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
II . 用动词的正确形式填空
1. Little Tom should love ________ ( take ) to the theatre this evening .
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______ ( learn ) . He always works hard .
3. The computer centre , ______ ( open )last year , is very popular among the students in this school .
4. Go on _____( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one .
5. How about two of us ______ ( take ) a walk down the garden .
答案：
I
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D
II
1.to be taken ; 2.to learn ; 3.opened ;4.to do ; 5.taking
第2篇：非谓语动词讲解及练习：动名词
动 名 词 (The Gerund)
动名词可以起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；同时，它还保留着动词的一些特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语.
动名词的形式：以write为例
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 writing being written
完成式 having written having been written
一、动名词的句法功能：
1． 作主语
eg.) Reading books makes one wise.
Collecting stamps is interesting.
① 与不定式区别:
动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的抽象动作;不定式作主语表示具体的特别是将来的动作。
Eg.) _____ (Walking, To walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
_____ (Finishing, To finish) the work in a week is impossible.
② 常用it作形式主语:
限于名词: good, use, fun, joy或形容词:good, nice, interesting, useless, worth, etc.
eg.)It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
It’s no good quarrelling with such a bad-tempered person.
③ 注意主谓一致:
单个的动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数;由and连接的多个动名词短语作主语, 谓语多用复数.
Eg.) Plating flowers _____ (need) constant watering.
Learning a theory and putting it into practice ___ (are, is) two different things.
④ 用于结构:
There is no doing sth.
No doing.
have a good (hard ) time/ difficulty/ problem/trouble /fun/ pleasure (in) doing sth.
Eg.) There is no ____ (know) what will happen in the future.
No _____ (spit) in public places.
With the boy _______ (lead) the way, we had no difficulty ________ (find) his house.
2.作表语：(be, remain, taste, sound, smell等link-v.后)
eg.)In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs.
My job is _____(type) letters.
(抽象、习惯性、经常性的动作)
My job now is _______(type) these letters.
(某次具体的特别是将来的动作)
3.作定语：
动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别:
动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的用途,而不表示动作.现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作.
a walking stick= a stick for walking
a dancing hall= a hall for dancing
比较:
a sleeping car= a car for sleeping ( _______ )
a sleeping boy=a boy who is sleeping ( _______ )
4.作宾语：(动宾,介宾)
①有些动词及短语后跟动名词作宾语：
常见动词: advise, avoid（避免）, appreciate（感激）, admit（承认）,consider(考虑), complete, delay, deny（否认）, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, miss, mind, mention, permit, practise, risk（冒险）, suggest(建议), understand, etc.
常见短语:be busy, be worth, burst out, insist on, feel like, can’t help (忍不住), set about, succeed in, persist in
be/get used/accustomed to, look forward to, object to, be opposed to, pay attention to, get down to, devote oneself/one’s life ( energy, effort, time) to, be reduced to (沦为), admit/ owe to（承认）
【lead to, stick to, listen to, refer to, turn to, thanks to, owing to, due to, be open to (愿意接受), in addition to (除外), be familiar to, give one’s mind to (专心于), be sentenced to，be equal to，keep to，point to, give rise to (引起), stand up to (勇敢面对), see to （注意，处理，照料）, trust to (依靠，凭), look up to（尊敬） 后接名词,一般不接动名词】
eg.) Would you mind ____ (fill) out this form?
I’m sorry I missed ___(see) you while in Beijing.
②allow, advise, consider, forbid, permit等动词
～ +doing sth.
～ + sb. to do sth.
eg.) The doctor advised ___ (take ) a good rest.
The doctor advised the patient ___ (take ) a good rest.
③某些动词后既可接动名词,也可接不定式.
常见动词: begin/start, continue; love, like, dislike, hate, prefer; need, want, require; forget, remember, regret; mean, try, go on, stop, be used to, can’t help
A.) begin/start
三种情况下,一般接不定式做宾语:①主语是sth.;②本身用于进行时;③做宾语的动词表示情感、思想或意念时(如:like, love, understand, realize, understand, know, etc.)
B.) love, like, dislike, hate, prefer,如表示经常性的动作,
用动名词作宾语;如表示特定或具体的动作,多接不定式.
Eg.) I like___(play) chess during my spare time.
I like___(play) at chess with the chess master now.
C.) need, want require
eg.) He wants _____(repair) the bike for me.
The bike needs/wants/ requires______(repair).
D.) forget, remember, regret
eg.) The light in the office is still on. I forgot ____ (turn) it off.
I’ll never forget ____(see) the musical comedy in New York.
Remember____( meet) me tonight.
I remember ____(take) to Beijing when I was a child.
I regret ____ (inform) you that you are dismissed.
I regret ______( not take ) his advice.
E.) mean, try, go on, stop, be used to, can’t help
Eg.) What do you mean _____ (do ) with it?
____(miss) the train means __(wait) for another two hours.
He’s been trying ____ (get) you on the phone.
Let’s try___ (knock) at the back door.
He paused and went on __ (explain) the text to us.
Go on _____(do) the other exercise after you have finished this one.
Wood is used to ___(make) paper.
He is used to _____(get) up early.
She couldn’t help_____( do ) the housework, for she was busy.
People couldn’t help____(laugh) at the foolish emperor in the procession.
④动名词做介词宾语:
eg.) On _____(hear) the news, she couldn’t help crying.
He went to the party without ___(invite).
注意:except/but后接不定式做宾语
eg.) He had no choice but _____(wait).
He could do nothing but ______(wait).
5.作同位语：
eg.) His habit, listening to the news on the radio, remains unchanged.
二、动名词的复合结构:
① 物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词(作主语、宾语、表语)
② 代词宾格或名词普通格+ 动名词(作宾语、表语)
Eg.) My father’s being ill worried us greatly.
=That my father was ill worried us greatly.
His not being present at the party annoyed the hostess.
It’s no use your pretending that you didn’t know the truth.
I suggest them /their having their eyes examined.
Last night I dreamed of there being a garden in front of my house.
What angered me most was the students failing to fulfill their duties.
I think the problem is their/them not having enough time.
注意:
若动名词的逻辑主语为无生命的东西,只用普通格:
eg.) The experiment can’t be carried out because of the equipment being out of order.
In 1949, New China, like a sun rising in the east, appeared in the world.
The news of the new hotel catching fire shocked everyone.= The news that the new hotel caught fire shocked everyone.
The noises of the boxes being opened and closed could be heard.
三、动名词的时态:
一般式:表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生.
完成式: 表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前.
Eg.) Seeing is believing.
She denied having been there.
但:I remember seeing/having seen her.
四、动名词的语态: (主动式和被动式)
eg.) Do you like _____(treat) like that?
She prided herself on _______(send) to work in Beijing.
Do you mind _______ ( Jane, leave) alone at home?
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____(persuade) into buying something they don’t really need.
注意: be worth, need/want/require后接动名词的主动式表示被动之意.
Eg.) The place is worth _____(visit).
The place is worthy ________(visit).
五、动名词的否定式：
动名词一般式的否定式: not doing
动名词完成式的否定式: not + having done; having never done
eg.)The girl made her mother angry by not taking her medicine.
=The____ ____ _____ the medicine made her mother angry.
The girl is nervous for ______ ( never speak) in public.
They apologized for ____ (not wait) for us.
第3篇：非谓语动词讲解及练习：动词不定式(The Infinitive)
动词不定式(The Infinitive)
动词不定式：（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
一、不定式的形式：
主 动 被 动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing /
否定式：not /never + (to) do
二、不定式的句法功能：
1.作主语：
eg.)To make a speech here is an honor.
To lose heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，如上两句可用如下形式：
It is an honor to make a speech here.
It means failure to lose heart.
常用结构：
It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.
It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb.
