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可锐教育官网http://www.daodoc.com
2018年可锐考研英语阅读经典文章内容讲解
（二）一．
Busine-proce outsourcing
业务流程外包
At the front of the back office
走在后台服务的前沿
How the Philippines beat India in call centres
菲律宾的呼叫中心是怎样打败印度的
IT S midnight in Manila, and the capital is justwaking up to the start of another working day.Atthe Worldwide Corporate Centre office block,thousands of young Filipinos are crowding into endle open-plan offices.Once seated, theyquickly start answering the questions and calming the frustrations of vexed Americanconsumers beginning their own day on the other side of the Pacific Ocean.在马尼拉的午夜12点，这座首都城市正慢慢步入第二天工作日。此时世界管理中心的办公大楼里，数千名菲律宾年轻人涌入无数的开放式办公室。一坐下，他们就迅速开始工作，对太平洋彼岸正开始新的一天的愤怒的美国消费者提出的咨询做出回答，并安抚他们的情绪。
These Filipinos are call-centre workers.To outsiders it is hardly a glamorous profeion, yetdespite the antisocial hours these men and women have every reason to be as well-motivated and cheerful as they seem.They are well paid and know that they work at theheart of their country s most dynamic industry.这些菲律宾人都是呼叫中心的员工。在外人看来，这不算是一个光鲜的职业，然而，尽管他们工作时间错乱，这些男男女女也有充分的理由可以像他们看上去的那么积极乐观。因为他们有很好的收入，并且知道他们在自己国家最有活力的行业中心工作。
The rise of what is known as busine-proce outsourcing in the Philippines has beennothing short of phenomenal.The very first calls were taken in 1997;today the sectoremploys 638,000 people and enjoys revenues of $11 billion, about 5% of the country s GDP.Last year the Philippines even overtook India, long the biggest call-centre operator in theworld, in voice-related services.The country now employs about 400,000 people at callcentres, India only 350,000.在菲律宾，业务流程外包的这一行业的崛起已经成为一种现象了。首次出现是在1997年;现在这个行业员工达到638,000人，营业总额达到110亿美元，约占全国GDP的5%。去年，菲律宾人在话务服务上，超越了长期以来全球最大的印度呼叫运营机构。现在，菲律宾可锐教育官网http://www.daodoc.com
呼叫中心有400,000名雇员，而印度只有350,000名。
The South-East Asian upstart is unlikely ever to surpa the SouthAsian behemoth acro the entire range of outsourcing offerings, which alsoinclude all kinds of information-technology services.Yet given the extraordinary growth sofar it is hard to gainsay the Philippines own projection that its BPO industry could addanother 700,000 or so jobs by 2016 and generate revenues of $25 billion.At that point, theindustry would make up nearly a tenth of GDP and be bigger in value than the remittancesfrom the 10m Filipinos working overseas.虽然，东南亚菲律宾的新贵可能永远不能通过提供包括各种信息技术服务在内的全方位外包服务超过南亚的印度巨头。然而，鉴于到目前为止的非凡增长，很难否认菲律宾对业务流程外包行业的规划，预计在2016年再增加700,000个工作岗位，收入达到250亿美元。到那时，整个行业的营业额将占全国GDP的十分之一，产值将超过来自 1千万菲律宾海外工作者的汇款。
As in the call-centre busine so far, some of these new jobs will come at the expense ofIndia.Yet India s relationship with the Philippines in back-office work is more complex thanthe numbers suggest.到目前为止，呼叫中心的一些新的就业机会是和印度竞争得来的。而印度和菲律宾在后台业务工作上的关系也不仅仅只是数量上的对比这么简单。
The main reason for the succe of the Philippine call centres is that workers speak Englishwith a neutral accent and are familiar with American idioms—which is exactly what theirAmerican customers want.Of these, many have taken to complaining bitterly about Indianaccents.As aresult, the Indian firms themselves have been helping to move jobs to the Philippines bysetting up call centres in Manila and other parts of the country.Infosys and Wipro, as well acores of other Indian firms, now have substantial operations there.And they aren t drawnto Manila by cheap labour.Wages in the Philippines are slightly higher than in India since theFilipino accent commands a premium.菲律宾呼叫中心成功的主要原因是它的工作人员能说不带地方口音的英文还能使用类似的美国习语——这恰恰是美国客户需要的。对于这些问题，很多人曾痛苦的抱怨印度口音。结果，印度公司因为他们自己的不足使得他们把工作机会给了菲律宾马尼拉以及其他地区设立的呼叫中心。现在印孚瑟斯和威普罗，以及其他同等级的印度公司，也有大量的业务在那。而且他们并不是被马尼拉的廉价劳动力吸引过去的。在菲律宾，因为员工的口音要求，需要支付额外的费用，他们的工资比印度人还要高一些。
It also helps that the country has a big pool of well-educated workers.The million or soFilipinos who graduate every year have few other options to choose from, besidesemigrating.And working in a call centre is considered a middle-cla job.它还为一大批受过良好教育的菲律宾工作者提供了就业机会。每年有大约一百万的菲律宾毕业生除了移民没有什么可以选择的工作。而且在呼叫中心提供的是相当于中等阶层的工可锐教育官网http://www.daodoc.com
作。
The big question is whether the Philippine BPO industry, having conquered the call-centremarket, can now move up the value chain.To keep growing rapidly-and profitably-it needs tocapture some of the more sophisticated back-office jobs, such as those proceinginsurance claims and conducting due diligence.In these businees, called knowledge-proce outsourcing and legal-proce outsourcing, India still rules supreme.菲律宾业务流程外包行业已经征服了呼叫中心市场，现在的大问题是它是否能提升企业价值链。要保持快速并且有利的增长，它需要抓住一些更复杂的后台业务，例如一些保险索赔和尽职调查。这些业务被称为知识流程外包和法律流程外包，在这方面印度仍处于领先地位。
Integreon offers a glimpse of what the future may hold.The firm occupies just a fewdiscreet, very secure offices.It employs 300 people in Manila, 40 of them lawyers who helpmultinational law firms with litigation.Familiarity with America helps.It makes it very easyfor us to do legal research for American firms, says Benjamin Romualdez, the firm s countrymanager.让我们看看Integreon公司将会发生些什么。这个公司仅仅只占用了几个不起眼的安全的办公室。他在马尼拉有300名雇员，其中40人是律师，帮助跨国的律师事务所进行诉讼。精通美国诉讼。它让我们能够轻松的对美国的公司进行法律研究，该公司的区域经理Benjamin Romualdez说。
This sort of operation is new in Manila, but Mr Romualdez expects that he can find the skilledworkers to double his workforce over five years.Western banks have also discovered thePhilippines.JPMorgan Chase now has over 25,000 workers on its own payroll in the country,many of whom do much more than answering phones.The Philippines is set to compete withIndia acro the BPO board.这类机构在马尼拉还是新事物，但是Romualdez先生希望他能找到技术熟练的员工在未来的五年加倍努力。西方银行也发现了菲律宾。现在，摩根大通已经有25,000名这个国家的雇员，他们中的许多人不仅仅只是负责接电话的工作。菲律宾将在BPO峰会上与印度竞争。
二．
Betty Ford
贝蒂·福特
Betty Bloomer Ford, an outspoken First Lady, diedon July 8th, aged 93;可锐教育官网http://www.daodoc.com
贝蒂·布鲁姆·福特，直率的前第一夫人，于7月8日逝世，享年93岁;
All her life, Betty Ford loved to dance.At ten shewas gliding round to the waltz and the foxtrot atsocial-dancing claes in Grand Rapids, Michigan.As a young woman, she was taught by MarthaGraham and danced in her troupe at Carnegie Hall.In the White House she tried out disco steps, and shimmied to the Bump at dinner-dances.But if you tried to teach her an arabesque or a jetée，she turned into the worstballet dancer who ever came down the road.She couldn t bear to be constrained like that.She was, as she put it once, a booby who only wanted to soar。
贝蒂·福特一生中都挚爱舞蹈，十岁时，她就在密歇根的大急流城参加交际舞学习班，自如的跳华尔兹和狐步舞。少女时期，她师从玛莎·葛兰姆，并随团在卡内基音乐大厅演出。在白宫，她又学习了迪斯科，伴着西迷舞曲在晚宴上尽情摇摆。但如果你想让她学学阿拉贝斯克舞或者吉提，那她可是将是你见过的最差劲的芭蕾舞者了。她可受不了那种束缚，正如她自己说的，她只想做一个自由翱翔的笨鸟。
Of course, she could be proper too.In her brief stint as First Lady, from August 1974 toJanuary 1977, she was always immaculately turned out.She wore white gloves whenever she had to do so.But, much as she adored clothes—the room-long rack ather house in Virginia had fallen off the wall, she had so many—all the ladylike publicbehaviour could be a bit of a strain.So too could the split-second scheduling, when she likedto linger in bed in the mornings till 9.30 or so, putting on her makeup in her own good time.It sometimes happened that she had to greet the public from the balcony with her nightgowntucked up under her coat.“Hi, Betty!” they would shout back.当然，她也会中规中矩的合乎礼仪。从1974年8月到1977年1月，在任第一夫人期间，她总能做到举止得体。必要的场合，她甚至会带上白色手套。在他们弗吉尼亚州家中，墙上本悬挂着一个与房间一样长的架子上陈列的全是她的衣服，但因为太多，架子都塌了下来。她是如此喜欢衣服，但在各种公共场合装淑女却让她很不自在。她喜欢一直在床上赖到大概九点半，然后悠闲自在地化妆，所以白宫紧凑的公共行程安排也让她郁闷。有好几次，她出现在阳台上向大家问好时，正装下是还未及更换的睡衣。“嗨，贝蒂!”大家总是这样回应她的问候。
On Jerry s inauguration day she kept quiet, because she had taken advice from her LivingBible that morning to “put a muzzle on your mouth”.But she made it clear that she didn tintend to change the candid habits of a lifetime just because she was in the White House.Jerry and she were going to keep their sleeping arrangements , in which they wouldhave sex “as often as poible!” The flag she had made for her limousine featured a pair ofvoluminous calico knickers on a blue satin ground, because her maiden name was Bloomer.On “60 Minutes” in 1975, her bouffant hair perfect and her warm smile ever ready, shedeclared that smoking marijuana was like “having a first beer” and that she wouldn t besurprised if her 18-year-old daughter Susan had an affair.Jerry said: “Honey, you just lostme 20m votes.” Her own ratings soared.在杰拉尔德·福特就职时，她参照《新版圣经》的训诫，整个早晨都“保持缄默”。但可锐教育官网http://www.daodoc.com
即使入住白宫，她也没有改变从前的生活方式，这一点很明确。她和杰拉瑞德保持从前的作息时间，“只要有机会就做爱”;她为给自己的豪华轿车做了一面旗子，蓝色缎子打底，上面画着一条显眼的大号白棉布灯笼裤，只因为她自己的姓氏是布鲁姆.1975年做客“60分”节目，她一头膨松的美发恰到好处，脸上始终挂着笑容。直言吸大麻的感觉像“当年初尝啤酒时”一样美妙，还有，如果她18岁得女儿苏珊在谈恋爱，她也不会觉得诧异。杰拉尔德开玩笑道：“亲爱的，你刚刚让我失去了2000万张选票”，但贝蒂自己的人气却在飙升。
She had no preparation for the White House.When Spiro Agnew resigned the vice-presidency in 1973 Jerry became Veep;when Richard Nixon resigned the next year, he wauddenly president.There was no election.She felt terrified, but ended up enjoying it.Shehad never known what she was in for since she had met Jerry, the big, blond, handsomefootball hero who walked beside her at their wedding in 1948 in awful dusty brown shoes thatdidn t match his suit.He had seemed such a relief after Bill, her first husband, who soldfurniture and was an alcoholic.But Jerry too had a secret vice, and that was politics.她没想过能入住白宫。1973年，斯皮罗·阿格纽辞去副总统职务，杰拉尔德接替他成为美国副总统;第二年，时任美国总统的理查德·尼克松辞职，杰拉尔德升职为美国总统，这个过程，甚至都未曾经历过一场选举。这一切来得太快，让她有点恐慌，但是最终却欣然享受第一夫人的身份。有着一头金发的杰拉尔德是她心中高大帅气的足球英雄，在他们婚礼上，他穿着一双与礼服极不相称、沾满灰尘的棕色鞋子走在她身旁。她从未料到遇见杰拉尔德会有怎样的命运等待着她。她有前夫比尔是嗜酒如命的家具销售代表。遇见杰拉尔德对她而言则是一种解脱。当然，杰拉尔德也有一个不为人知的缺点，那就是太专注于政治。
He was elected to Congre the year they got married, and they stayed in Washington for 28years.For more than half that time he was away from home while she raised Mike, Jack,Steve and Susan, tripping over bags of marbles and toy trucks, burying pet alligators, visitingthe emergency room, measuring out her life in Pablum spoons.She was a den mother forcub scouts and taught Sunday School, but by 1965 she couldn t be Bionic Woman any more.A psychiatrist told her she had to believe she was important again.在他们结婚当年，杰拉尔德入选国会，他们在华盛顿待了28个年头，这期间杰拉尔德有一半时间都不在她身边，她一人将4个孩子——麦克，杰克，斯蒂芬和苏珊拉扯大：会被一大袋的弹子儿和玩具卡车绊倒;埋葬宠物短吻鳄;带着孩子看医生;在乏味的碗筷之间经营着自己的生活。她还是童子军女训导，在主日学校上课。但1956年，她再也无法扮演“无敌女金刚”的角色了，精神医生告诉她必须得开始关注自己了。
She went to him for almost two years, and openly admitted it later.Why not get help if youneeded it? It was the same when breast cancer struck her as First Lady.She spoke “breast”aloud and “cancer” aloud, had a mastectomy and urged others to do the same.Why, she toldthe world, she could even wear her evening clothes.When she became addicted to pills forneck pain and, over martini-filled years, started drinking too much, she publicly booked into aclinic to recover, sharing a room with three other women, and then in 1982 founded the BettyFord Centre for addiction in Rancho Mirage, California.There she would tell patients: “Hi,I m Betty.I m an addict and an alcoholic.” 可锐教育官网http://www.daodoc.com
她看了两年的精神病医生，后来大方的承认了此事。如果有需要，为什么不接受帮助呢?她在当第一夫人期间患上了乳腺癌，把“乳腺”和“癌”说的响亮，她接受了乳房切除手术并鼓励其他病人也接受手术治疗。为什么不呢?她告诉全世界她依然可以穿着自己的晚礼服。她因颈椎病依赖药品和鸡尾酒疗法而染上酒瘾，这时她又公开预定诊所接受治疗，甚至还和其他三位女性共用一个病房。1982年，在加州的兰乔米拉市成立了贝蒂·福特中心，在这里，她会和病人们打招呼：“嗨，我叫贝蒂。曾经沉溺于药品，嗜酒成性”。
That secondary feeling
次要感
Her impulse to speak out shockingly and usefully extended into politics, too.Though shetried not to get in Jerry s way, she realised that First Ladies had power to make waves.Shethought Roe v Wade, which legalised abortion, a great decision, and said so.She lobbiedhard for a woman on the Supreme Court, though pillow-talk had no effect in that case.Naturally she supported the Equal Rights Amendment, but since Jerry opposed it she waiteduntil 1977 to get out in front of the sisterly protests with her placard.She had spent so muchof her life feeling secondary that she burned to undo the lawsthat hemmed women in.她把直率敢言、语出惊人却字字珠玑的风格也带到了政治上。尽管她试着不给杰拉尔德添麻烦，但是第一夫人还是有足够威力引起**。她认为罗伊案促使堕胎合法化，这是个不错的决定，于是加以肯定;她为一名妇女在最高法庭上努力游说众人，虽然在那个案子中，即使吹枕边风福特也帮不上忙。当然她也支持《平等权利修正案》，但由于杰拉尔德反对这项法案，直到1977年她才得以与姐妹般得抗议者们站在一起，高举标语牌。在她一生的大部分时间中，她总感觉自己作为女性得不到重视，于是尽自己所能解除那些禁锢女性的法律。
She was only an ordinary woman, she liked to say.She d worked in a department store, hadan unlucky marriage, could only make scalloped potato out of a box, never got a collegedegree.But she was caught up in extraordinary times.And when they ended—as sheblifully contemplated getting both life and husband back, as they packed up to leave theWhite House—she took just a moment to climb on the Cabinet table, so beautifully set, anddance.如她所言，她只是一名普通女性：曾在百货公司工作，经历过一次不幸的婚姻，只会用烤盘做焗薯仔，更没有大学学历，但是她却赶上了特殊时期。当这一切都结束了 ——当她幸福的预计到生活和丈夫都能回到自己身边、打点好行李准备离开白宫时，她用一眨眼的功夫跃上精美的议会餐桌，翩然起舞。
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