可锐考研英语阅读及讲解_考研英语讲解
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2018年可锐考研英语阅读精选及讲解
（六）Every time Americans tune into local news broadcasts or read daily papers，they are likely to be shocked at the increasing number of serious crimes committed by youths who are only sixteen years old or even younger.It is sometimes difficult to imagine these youngsters behaving like hardened criminals，but statistics continually prove that their crimes are often just as brutal as those committed by their adult counterparts.Inevitably，people begin questioning how succeful the juvenile justice system is in reforming these youths and debating whether violent juveniles should be tried as adults in our legal system.I feel there is no question that juveniles convicted of serious crimes should face the same consequences as adults.While the teenage population in the United States has declined over the past decade，violent crimes committed by juveniles have sharply increased.It is common knowledge that the youth murder-arrest rate has climbed dramatically.Examples of teen crime are vivid and terrifying.Newspapers and television frequently report that youths with no apparent motives have shot and killed other people.The effect on both families and society is large.Despite the increase in serious crimes committed by young offenders，the punishment which juveniles receive has traditionally almost never fit the severity of the crimes.Since the system has historically viewed children as not being fully developed，physically or mentally，it has prevented them from being held accountable for their wrongdoing.Although many of these“children”commit horrible crimes，they have been routinely treated as victims of society.Until very recently，1ighter sentences and court proceedings have been the norm.The meage they sent to serious juvenile criminals is that crime “pays” because there are no serious consequences for their actions.When the system lacks an element of fear，there is nothing to prevent youthful offenders from committing future crimes.The current trend of aigning adult sentences to youths who commit serious crimes is absolutely just if the punishment is to fit the crime.Most pro-rehabilitation advocates argue that juvenile criminals are completely different from adult ones and should，therefore，be treated differently in the justice system.However，the cost to society is the same regardle of the age of the criminal.What comfort does it give to the family of a killed or injured victim that the person who killed or hurt their loved one was a minor? Families suffer no le because their relatives are shot by young offenders.Instead of treating the loser who murders innocent people like a victim of society，this person should be treated like any other person who victimizes society and causes pain to individuals and communities.Tougher measures must be taken to combat this growing problem of juvenile crime.In today‘s society，too many juveniles count on light sentences given by the juvenile justice system.Lawyers can help a vicious criminal receive a short sentence，and return to the streets to commit more crimes.When there are no harsh consequences of being caught，committing crimes can be perceived as having positive benefits.As a result，juveniles are continuing to become more violent and 1e concerned with the value of human life.Rehabilitation，recommended by many as the solution to juvenile crime，should be directed only towards youths who have committed minor offenses.However，the juveniles who commit serious crimes should be tried as adults.A meage has to be sent that we will no longer tolerate brutal crimes simply because of the age of the criminal.These youths must be held completely accountable for their crimes，suffering harsh consequences and ultimately realizing that they are no longer protected by the law.1.It can be inferred that juvenile criminals are those____.[A]who are under the age of 16 可锐教育官网http://www.daodoc.com
years old
[B]who are not accountable for the crimes they commit
[C]who can not tell major crimes from minor crimes
[D]who are more likely to become victims of the society
2.That violent juvenile crimes are on the rise is manifested by the fact that____.[A]penalty for juvenile criminals is becoming more and more serious
[B]the society can no longer tolerate juvenile crimes
[C]youth murder-arrest rate has dramatically increased
[D]the young population has increased in the last ten years
3.The reason why young people are becoming increasingly violent is that____.[A]the older they become，the stronger they are
[B]they receive lighter punishment than they should
[C]they do not know the value of human life
[D]there is now too much violence in newspaper and on television
4.According to the author，one reason why violent juvenile criminals should suffer the same fate as their adult counterparts is that____.[A]there are as many juvenile crimes as adult crimes
[B]they have done equivalent injuries to the victim or the society
[C]they are clearly aware of what they are doing at the time of offence
[D]no other penalty can prevent them from committing future crimes
5.Pro-rehabilitation advocates insist that____.[A]rehabilitation be directed only towards youths who commit minor crimes
[B]stricter sentences be given only to youths who commit brutal crimes
[C]a different justice system be applied to minors since they are not fully developed
[D]minors be held completely responsible for any kind of crimes they commit
答案与题解
1.[A] 参阅第一段第一句。
2.[C] 参阅第二段第二句。
3.[B] 参阅第三、四、五段，尤其是第五段。
4.[B] 参阅第四段第二、三、四句。
5.[C] 参阅第四段第一句和第三段第一、二句。
二．
In the following article, some sentences have been removed.For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.1)Many of the options have already been rehearsed in the pre: excluding some treatments from the NHS, charging for certain drugs and services, and developing voluntary or compulsory health insurance schemes.2)we spend about 7 per cent of GDP on health, compared with 9 per cent in the Netherlands and 10 per cent in France and Germany.In terms of health outcomes versus spend, we compare pretty favourably.I don t see private health care providing much of the solution to current problems.3)Neither is close to being implemented, but the future could see a deliberate shift of attention to voluntary health insurance and an emphasis on social insurance.4)Even so, higher taxes 可锐教育官网http://www.daodoc.com
will plainly be needed to fund health care.I think we ll eventually see larger NHS charges, more rationing of medical services and restrictions on certain procedures without proven outcomes.Stricter eligibility criteria for certain treatments are another poibility.5)None of them is going to win votes for the political party desperate enough to introduce them— but then nobody is going to vote for ill-health or an early death either.[A]English National Health Service is a universal health-keeping system.But Now, the shortage of money becomes a serious problem.[B]All such options would mean a sharp break with tradition and political fall-out that could be extremely damaging.[C]The options provides solution to the shortage of money problem.[D]I expect individuals to take greater responsibility for their personal health using technology that allows self-diagnosis followed by self-treatment or home care.[E]Looking at how far we ll be able to fund the Health Service in the 2lst century raises any number of thorny iues.[F]More likely is a shift from universal health coverage to top-up schemes which give people basic health entitlements but require them to finance other treatment through private financing, or opt-out schemes which use tax relief to encourage individuals to make private provision.[G]Compared to its European Union counterparts Britain operates a low-cost health system
答案及详解
1.E.第一段可译为“看一看21世纪我们能为国民保健服务提供多少资金，会发现一大堆棘手问题。许多解决办法已经在报纸上讨论过多次，例如把一些治疗项目从国民保健服务中剔除出去，对某些药物和服务实行收费，建立自愿或强制性医疗保险制度等等。”选项A是干扰事项。选项A是最根本上的问题。
2.G.“与欧盟其他国家相比，英国实行的是一套低成本医疗保健体系：我们花在医疗保健方面的钱占国内生产总值的百分之七，与荷兰、法国、德国相比，我们的表现还是不错的。”因为后面列举了本国以及其他国家医疗保健占国内生产点值的百分比，可以看出英国实行低成本医疗保健体系。
3.F.“更可行的办法是由全民医疗保健制转向补差付费制，后一制度让人们享有基本的医疗保健权，但要求个人自筹资金支付超出基本医疗保健的费用;另一个办法是实行退出制，即利用减税鼓励个人解决自己的医疗保险问题。”作者认为私费医疗保健对于解决目前问题起不了多大作用，接着提出相比之下更多可行的办法。
4.D.“我预计，利用使个人能够自诊，然后自疗的技术或通过家居护理，人们将对自身健康负起更大责任。”下文：即使如此，显然仍要增税为医疗保健提供资金。我们最终会看到国民保健服务收费会更高，更多的医疗服务实行定量配给，对未证明以有效果的某些疗法会加以更多的限制„„。选项关键词语：Even so。
5.B.“所有这些解决办法都意味着与传统一刀两断，而且可能会产生极具破坏性的政治影响。没有哪种办法会给万不得已采取这一办法的政党赢得选票-但是也没人会投票赞成身体多病或过早死亡。”选项C为干扰项。
中心思想
英国的国民保健服务是一种全民医疗保健体系，儿童、孕妇及低收入的人看病不要钱，其他人看病只交挂号费性质的处方费。不过处方费年年涨，如今已到6.2磅，可是资金短缺仍是一个大问题。
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